The article describes the peculiarities of using weighted random selection method when solving a task of searching for sub-optimal partitions of parallel algorithms flowgraphs-that arises in designing systems of logical control in the basis of logical multicontrollers (LMC). A review of known methods of solving the problem is presented. Most of these methods are ‘greedy’ successive methods (except random selection method) and provide solutions of good quality in various areas of three-dimensional space formed by the dimensionality of problem N and technological limitations X_max, W_max of the LMC basis due to the presence of zone dependence. Combining the best aspects of ‘greedy’ and random approaches, it is possible to develop of a method that distributes the vertices in the blocks of the partition based on the weighting heuristics with aт adjustable degree of dispersion D relative to a greedy evaluation of the increment of solution quality. Special software was designed for this method; using this software a series of computational experiments has been carried out. In the course of matho-optimization, it was found that the optimal degree of dispersion D*=zero, which differs from the behaviour of the method in other problems of discrete combinatorial optimization and provides the iterative nature of the method only due to variation of the order of consideration of vertices. A computational experiment was carried out for the software implementation of the method using the indicated degree of dispersion. The experiment showed the advantage in terms of the quality of the output solutions for all quality parameters except for the intensity interblock interactions. At the same time, the working time of the method is 43 times more than that of the method of random selection and is limited by the time of evaluation of the quality of the generated partitioning.

Currently one of the most commonly used carriers of digital information is optical multi-purpose DVD discs. At the same time these carriers have a significant disadvantage, namely, a tendency to a relatively large number of errors in the reading of information due to damage of the recording layer during production or operation. The article presents the structural and functional organization of the error correction device for optical mass storage (optical DVDs) that implements the iterative decoding of the product of Reed-Solomon codes. It is given the block diagram of the device, which illustrates the relationships between the components of the device decoders iterations and describes the principle of the receipt and processing of data blocks in the device. The error correction device is N series-connected iterations decoders working on a pipelined basis. All its iterative decoders run in parallel, processing successively received data blocks from the channel. The structure of decoder iterations is disclosed and the functions of their constituent blocks are described with reference to the points of the decoding algorithm. The proposed device receives one code word symbol (8 bits) per 2 clock cycles and, when implementing a decoder on modern ASICs, is capable of providing a throughput of 2 Gbps at a processor clock speed of 500 MHz. This bandwidth allows the device to work in a continuous mode and processing data blocks at the rate of their arrival. Possible ways of increasing the capacity of the device are described. In addition, the article assesses the hardware complexity of the main units of the device, expressed in the number of gates and bits of memory required for its implementation using integrated circuits of a special purpose.

The need for the reconstruction of existing auto service enterprises is caused by changes in the structure of the rolling stock, the design of cars and the conditions of their operation, increasing the requirements for the quality of rolling stock, the design of cars and their operating conditions, increasing the quality requirements for maintenance and repair, saving fuel and energy resources and quality assurance of the environment. In our case, the need to reconstruct the autoservice company LLC "Avtomir" is associated with the need to switch to maintenance and storage of new types of rolling stock, as well as changes in the dynamics of demand for cars. In LLC Avtomir there is no possibility of rendering services related to damage to the body of the car, which reduces the ability of the organization to receive additional income, as this type of damage owners of vehicles have to eliminate at other service stations. This fact puts the company in front of the need to create a paint and body shop in the future. The purpose of this work was the development of measures to reconstruct the infrasructure of LLC "Avtomir". The main results of the technological calculation of the enterprise are as follows: - the annual workload of the technical service station is 43529 man-hour; - annual scope of works of washing, maintenance, lubrication, adjusting for setting the angles of the front wheels, adjusting brakes, maintenance and repair of the power system, electrical, tire fitting 4913; 15235.2; 2176.5; 2611.7; 3917.6; 4353; 4353; 2285 and 914 man-hour respectively; - the annual volume of works at the tire fitting site, on the maintenance and repair site of the power supply system, electrical, maintenance units is 2133; 762; 4788.2 man-hour respectively; - necessary number of production workers for maintenance and technical maintenance 29 (technological) and 35 (staff), as well as the number of auxiliary 4 and engineering - technical 5 workers; - the necessary number of posts for washing, maintenance, lubricants, technical maintenance, adjusting for setting the angles of the front wheels, adjusting for the brakes, maintenance and repair of the power system, electrical 4; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1 and 1 respectively. Analysis of production and economic activities of the enterprise allowed us to identify the objectives of the enterprise, the dynamics of its development, the state of the production and technical base. This makes it possible to identify the main shortcomings in the functioning of the organization and to implement the formulation of new tasks that need to be solved in the future. Namely, LLC "Avtomir" needs to increase production capacity, namely the addition of a diagnostic post and one more car acceptance post. In addition, there is a need to implement the washing zone, and on the vacated area to arrange a painting and drying chamber and a preparation site for painting works.

Russian Federal State Educational Standards of 3+ generation impose serious requirements to resource support of educational and training process, including electronic information-educational environment of the University. In the Southwest State University (SWSU), a unified multimedia information and educational environment based on Internet-broadband access technologies was created; it successfully operates and keeps developing. The main concept of this environment construction is the idea of integrating data, applications, and business processes. SWSU Electronic information-educational environment (EIEE) is designed to provide information transparency of the University activities in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the sphere of education, to organize educational activities of the University and to ensure access of students and research and academic-staff of the University to information and educational resources. The main components of SWSU EIEE are: the actors of the education and training process (teachers, students, etc.), external digital library systems, internal automated information library system, “SWSU academic courses” subsystem, “Southwest State University Web portal” subsystem, and the official web site of the Southwest State University. “Southwest State University Web portal" subsystem makes it possible to automate traditional basic functions of Dean's office of the University, such as managing student conduct systems for students of Bachelor and Master Degree Programs of full-time and correspondence forms of training; recording and statistical processing of the data on students’ progress; recording students’ achievements; managing Dean's office workflow. As prescribed in Federal State Educational Standards of 3+ generation, Portal Modules are used to record the results of formative and summative assessment of students in accordance with SWSU current score rating system for learning outcomes.

One of the main requirements for powders for additive 3D technologies is the spherical shape of particles. Such particles are most densely fit into a certain space and provide the ‘fluidity’ of powder compositions in the systems of material supply with minimal resistance. In addition, the powder should contain a minimum amount of dissolved gas. The microstructure of the powder should be homogeneous and finely dispersed (with a uniform distribution of phase constituents). Based on the peculiarities of the methods of producing spherical powders in order to obtain spherical granules of regulated granularity, the electroerosion dispersion (EED) technology, which is characterized by relatively low energy costs and environmentally sound process, is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed technology is the use of waste materials as raw stuff which are much cheaper than the pure constituents used in traditional technology. In addition, this technology allows varying the granulometric composition of the resulting powder by changing electrical parameters. The objective of this work is to study the porosity of sintered samples of cobalt-chromium powders obtained for additive technologies by means of electroerosion dispersion. To implement the proposed research, wastes of the cobalt-chromium alloy of KHMS "CELLIT" grade were chosen. Distilled water and isobutyl alcohol were used as the working fluid. Electrical discharge machine to disperse conductive materials was used to produce cobalt-chromium powders. The powders are consolidated by the method of spark plasma sintering using the spark plasma sintering system SPS 25-10 (Thermal Technology, USA). The initial material was put in a graphite matrix placed under a press in a vacuum chamber. Electrodes integrated into the mechanical part of the press feed electric current to the matrix and create spark discharges between the sintered particles of the material, providing intensive interaction. The porosity was determined using Olympus GX51 optical inverted microscope with a software for quantitative image analysis. Prepared samples had no traces of structural components grinding, polishing or dying. The microsection metalographic specimen was made by the cross section (fracture) of the whole product. Based on the results of the conducted experiment aimed at studying the porosity of sintered samples from cobalt-chromium powders obtained for additive technologies by electroerosion dispersion in isobutyl alcohol, it was found that the porosity ranges from 3.19 to 6.15 %.

The energy saving ecological water supply system is proposed. The system can be implemented both in heat power engineering, in particular in circulating water supply systems for industrial enterprises, and in construction industry where there are heat evolutions produced by equipment and due to technological processes. According to the forecasts of Russia's energy strategy, the production of thermal energy will increase by 22-34 % in 2020. At the same time, it is planned to increase the real heat consumption by 1.4-1.5 times due to reduction of losses in the conditions of high energy saving potential in all energy sectors beginning with production to transportation and rational use of energy sources. The system of housing and utilities is extremely energy intensive, since utility infrastructure is worn out up to 80-90 %. The practical lack of biosphere-compatible technologies for engineering systems design and operation in Russia does not allow providing resource-saving at all stages of full life cycle of a building or a structure. Known studies and proposals based on the research and development decisions of RAASN Research Institute of Building Physics mainly relate to the thermal protection of the shell of a building and are not represented by engineering interconnected systems. Therefore, the development and implementation of measures for the integrated development of utility infrastructure becomes topical. The solution of this problem is related to complex of engineering and technical activities, including thermal protection by increasing thermal resistance of enclosing structures of buildings, upgrading heat and water supply systems, using non-traditional energy sources.

As practice shows, most of the methods to obtain powder materials have several disadvantages: high power consumption, environmental problems (waste water, emissions), high cost of technological equipment. Currently, one of the most promising methods for producing powder materials from the conductive waste is the method of electroerosion dispersion (EED). EED method has a relatively low energy consumption and environmental cleanliness of the process. The development of technology of making powder materials from ball bearing steel waste, and assessment of their use effectiveness requires comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies. The iImplementation of the planned measures will allow us to solve the problems of obtaining powder materials including iron based nanopowder, elimination of ball bearing steel waste and their further use and, thereby, reduce the production cost of the final product. The aim of the present paper is to optimize the granulometric composition of powders made by electroerosion dispersion of waste-bearing steel waste. Our study has experimentally determined inversely proportional relationship between average particle size of powder material and the capacity of energy discharge capacitors and the voltage on the electrodes in the reactor. It has also stated inversely proportional dependence of the average particle size of powder material on pulse repetition frequency of EED installation in the range up to 90 Hz. Further increase of energy discharge capacitors capacity leads to an increase in the average particle size of powder material. By making factorial experiment there have been determined the optimal settings for the process of powder materials production by the method of electricerosion dispersing in distilled water: the capacity of energy discharge capacitors is 58 ufd, voltage on the electrodes is 140 W, pulse repetition frequency is 140 Hz.

This paper discusses the use of vibration drilling method for hole making in composite materials. The special feature of advanced composite materials is the difficulty of machining by conventional methods. The occurrence of defects such as matrix cracking, delamination and fibers failure, thermal degradation of matrix obtained in the process of making holes requires the development of new technological solutions and special equipment and tooling. As an alternative, along with cutting and abrasive machining methods for composite materials, we can consider vibration drilling, laser, ultrasonic and abrasive blasting machining of holes. The Department of Engineering Technologies and Equipment of Southwest State University has made a device intended for vibration drilling of holes in composite materials. Using the proposed method allows us to reduce the vibrations along the drill axis, both in the low-frequency and high-frequency range (20 to 500 Hz). It also allows us to change the frequency of vibration without stopping the cutting process. The device is designed for metall cutting machines related to drilling-and-boring group of machines with a vertical spindle to increase performance and improve the quality of holes shaping. Technical specifications of the designed device provide the set tool advances, the required frequency of spindle rotation, giving the necessary cutting speed (they depend on technical features of the selected machine), as well as the necessary amplitude and high frequency axial oscillations of the tool. To convert electric oscillations into mechanical ones there has been adopted the scheme of two inductance coils, being placed one above the other. The proposed method of electro-impulse drilling will solve the problem of processing composite materials (matrix cracking, delamination and fiber failures) and improve the quality and productivity of making holes in composite materials.

High-strength low-alloy steels are widely used in the construction of welded metal structures. The main advantage of these steels is good combination of strength and toughness, and weldability. However, when welding high strength low alloy steels during cooling of the weld to a temperature below 150-100 °C there may be a risk of formation of bulk crystal structures defects in the weld zone - cold cracks. It was experimentally established that one of the factors contributing to the formation of cold cracks may be the occlusion of hydrogen in the atmosphere of arc plasma in the solidifying weld metal, from which diffusion hydrogen may diffuse to different areas of the weld after cooling. Hydrogen cracking typically has a tendency to slow down i.e. cracks can occur several days after the completion of welding process. As a rule, hydrogen induced cracking occurs either in the original steel in the heat-affected zone or in the weld metal, which is important, topical and long been researched by various scientific schools. Modern technologies of high strength low alloy steels processing have significantly improved the quality of the base material by reducing the amount of carbon and impurities, which has increased the stability of weld in the heat affected zone (HAZ) to hydrogen induced cold cracking. The paper presents modern approaches to the definition of diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in welded joints of high-strength low-alloy steels. Taking into account the temperature, the gradient of chemical potential and continuity conditions there has been considered the process of mass transfer of hydrogen under the influence of diffuse inhomogeneous mediums. It has been shown that the local effects of changing pressure and chemical potential are described using the equation of generalized potential of the diffusing substance. Our paper presents analytical expressions to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in different local areas of a welded joint depending on temperature.

On the example of chain conveyors, the article shows the relationship between the change in the operation process of constructive, energy and other parameters of a machine and reliability parameters. The authors have presented the analysis of methodological approach that is based on wear and damage of machine parts with increase in the duration of their operation and the impact of these changes on the performance of a machine. On the example of heavy-duty transporters, the paper presents the method which shows that at a constant load of conveyor (Q и W-const ) with increase in the duration of its operation, the power required to drive it will also increase. According to this parameter, one can judge about the current status of power components of a conveyor, and it is also possible to calculate the reliability (longevity, failure-free performance, etc.). If you use a chain with links strengthened by innovative technologies (e.g., wear-resistant coatings and modification of surface layers by diffusion saturation, etc.) longetivity increases. The energy supplied to the machine is spent on useful work and overcoming friction forces and other resistance forces arising in the machine elements. As you increase the duration of operation, the condition of machine parts changes (due to wear, corrosion, fatigue and other destructive processes). These changes mainly cause more energy consumption for overcoming them. Thus, when having a constant load of conveyor (Q и W-const ) with increase in the duration of its operation the power required to drive it will increase too. For this parameter which is easily measured by appropriate instruments, it is possible to judge the current status of the power components of a conveyor, and calculate the reliability (longetivity, failure-free performance, etc.)., etc.). One of the important indicators of reliability of complex machinery is maintainability. Machines parts are restored in parallel in specialized shops or businesses, and the repair time does not overlap with the downtime of the whole machine to be repaired. Therefore, maintainability in such cases can be more properly evaluated using such an indicator as the complexity of maintenance and repair. The article shows the possibility of evaluating machine reliability according to the complexity of works, their maintenance and repair. The obtained dependences established for evaluation of reliability of machines on the basis of complex criteria can be used at the design stage, when calculations of the output parameters can be carried out instead of costly full-scale or bench testings.

Due to their natural resources the coastal areas are one of the most populated and exploited places on earth. Economic activities are carried out in such areas most actively, as they have a special appeal for humans. The advantages of coastal areas provide an opportunity to implement a variety of economic activities, and also determine their potential for development. However, active economic activities in coastal areas, in most cases, contribute to environmental degradation and leads to depletion of natural resources, and as a result, may cause a loss of the capacity for sustainable development of coastal areas. In this regard, it is these territories that have the most acute environmental protection issues, as a result of man-induced impact on coastal areas. The given paper considers foreign experience of management of coastal areas development through an integrated approach which is the main vector of the territory development. The studied foreign experience revealed that an integrated approach to coastal area management as a tool for sustainable development can change the attitude of people to the environmental problem, as the balance between tourism and environmental protection promotes the conservation of natural resources. At present, problems arising from the rapid development of economic activities in coastal areas, faced by management structures at all levels require timely decisions based on the concept of sustainable development. In this study, the authors found out that one of the factors of sustainable development of coastal areas is an ecological and social development, which is seen as closely interrelated aspects, not as separate directions of sustainable development. Currently, you need to create a management system for coastal territories, based on continuous planning and monitoring with regard to the specific features and problems of natural, human and socio-economic nature of such areas.

The research topicality is caused by the fact that, under current economic conditions, bringing innovative products to market is becoming a serious challenge for commercial organizations. High competition, fast-changing audience needs, lack of resources are the tangible obstacles to the effective development of an innovation project. Besides, traditional business models are not working effectively under conditions of uncertainty. Rigid methods of business processes management, obsolete equipment and inefficiency of the staff, neglect of communication with the audience and other factors can lead to stagnation, loss of market position and even bankruptcy. So, today the number of unprofitable organizations in the Russian Federation and Kursk region is a quarter of the total number of operating commercial companies. The reason can be due to the pecularities of the Russian economy which has its own distinctive features inherited from the planned economic model of the twentieth century, and supplemented with management principles, peculiar to the Western market economic models. In this case, in our opinion, unconventional instruments of innovation development based on the creative approach to the generation and implementation of breakthrough ideas will have a positive impact on the effectiveness of an innovative organization under uncertainty conditions in competitive markets. The effectiveness of visual communication is also an important component of the successful introduction of an innovative product into the market. Correct communication with the core of target audience is intended to be the foundation for building a clear system of branding and corporate culture in the innovation ecosystem of an organization. This acquires special relevance in the light of the dynamic development of information technologies that today are indispensable tools of interaction both with consumers and with the staff and partners. The aim of the study is the analysis of theoretical propositions of innovation management, principles of creative destruction, the construction of effective visual communication in the framework of formation of innovative ecosystem of an organization and systematization of creative tools and approaches that contribute to the successful development and implementation of innovations. The study made use of theoretical and empirical methods, in particular: review of the literature, comparative, logical, and systematic analysis of innovation introduction tools, as well as factors indicating the importance of following the path of innovative development. The study has found that under conditions of uncertainty for successful bringing of innovative products to market and staying effective in the long term period, commercial organisations need to pay considerable attention to the construction of an efficient system of visual communication that will be the foundation for the formation of a unified system of branding and corporate culture.

The article considers the methodological approaches to the calculation of the indirect costs of medical and diagnostic units of medical organizations. Indirect costs include the costs incurred to support the operation of several divisions of medical organizations. In this paper we introduce the concept of a "cost center" - functional structural units that perform certain medical diagnostic services, as well as ancillary services and services that are directly related to the process of providing medical care to patients, as well as those necessary for the operation of the institution as a whole. The classification of cost centers in a medical organization is also proposed depending on the volume of medical care provided. The centers A are general administrative and business units, the expenses of which are distributed to all other cost centers and practically independent of the volume of medical care provided; M centers - medical and diagnostic units where direct medical care is provided to patients (main cost centers); B centers - auxiliary cost centers, whose costs are allocated to M centers, and partially between B centers; (hospital pharmacy, nutrition unit, sterilization department, blood transfusion unit, laundry, polyclinic registry, medical equipment department, etc.), and P centers - other units in the structure of the medical organization - resource consumers who are not involved and do not provide medical services to the institution ; such centers are scientific and educational units, as well as premises and equipment leased by a medical institution to external organizations. Based on the proposed classification of cost centers, the article describes algorithms for calculating the indirect costs of medical diagnostic units using mathematical notations and formulas. As a result, the authors have generated a formal model of cost allocation between all the cost centers identified in the institution, represented in the form of an oriented graph, the vertices of which denote the set of cost centers, the directed arcs indicate the flow of cost distribution between the centers relating to the corresponding functional class, as well as distribution of general organizational expenses. In conclusion, the authors have noted that the use of these algorithms makes it possible to improve the accuracy of calculating the cost of performing medical services in the conduct of clinical and economic analysis of medical technologies, and this approach can be used in setting tariffs for payment of medical care by health authorities and CMI funds

The article considers the issues of formation of the region tax potential taking into account incomes in the non-observed economy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the author's methodology for assessing the tax potential, taking into account income in the non-observed economy. It is substantiated the expediency of using indirect methods of measuring the incomes of the non-observed economy for calculating the tax potential of a constituent of the Russian Federation In accordance with the author's methodology consumer spending can be an indicator of the aggregate income of both registered and unregistered. The shadow incomes of the population can be estimated as the excess of total expenditures over the real disposable income of the population. More calculations have shown that the regions of the Central Federal District have significant amounts of unused financial resources, which can be a source of growth of tax revenues of regional and local budgets in the event of their withdrawal from the shadow turnover. With regard to the alcohol market for the method of discrepancy we consider it appropriate to use the indicators of production and wholesale turnover of alcohol products in the Russian Federation. It is concluded that using the proposed approaches to assessing the tax potential of the region, state authorities at different levels will be able to more effectively monitor regional budgets and increase the effectiveness of fiscal and fiscal mechanisms for sustainable development. Commitment to the qualitative characteristics of the region tax potential, taking into account income in the non-observed economy, will increase the efficiency of using the aggregate tax potential. Tax revenues serve as a quantitative expression of the actually achieved level of the tax potential of the territory. The tax potential ensures the formation of fiscal flows in order to maintain a dynamic balance between the key areas of socio-economic development of the territories and through feedback mechanisms influencing trends of sustainable regional development.

The article considers the term "forensic", new for Russian economic theory and practice, that means "forensic science" from English. Its importance and implementation is justified by the increasing number of cases of widespread financial fraud. Forensic is just intended for their regulation and prevention. The conducted systematization of scientific publications testifies to the accumulation and theoretical generalization of materials that provide the basis for the formation of forensic as a separate type of expert research. Forensic is a certain niche in the professional sphere and is endowed with such mandatory attributes as rationality, neutrality and independence. The main goal of the forensic investigation is the disclosure of fraud, in general which includes the identification of those involved, the formation of evidence base, the establishment of facts and mechanisms of fraudulent activity. Forensic is held at the invitation of managers, investors and shareholders to identify not only additional resources, but also possible risks of the organization. It is indicated that underground economy, fraudulent activity can serve as an object of forensic. The forensic classification is proposed for corporate (internal) and forensic counterparties (external). In addition, we should pay attention to a rather new direction in the field of computer forensics with a similar name - forensic, which can be part of the forensic investigation. It is revealed that experts in the field of forensic use to a greater extent accounting and auditing procedures in their activities. Despite the forensic similarity to the audit and forensic accounting expertise, there are still distinctive features that are discussed in the article. Spheres of additional knowledge necessary for a specialist to work in the field of forensic are: sociology, psychology, criminal law, business law, law enforcement, business and finance, information systems, communism. It is concluded that the consolidation at the legislative level of the main provisions and standards concerning specialists in the field of forensic is necessary in the current conditions of management.

Today a special role in the social and economic development of the Russian Federation is played by the policy on import substitution announced by the leadership of the country, which has become a powerful stimulus for improving the national economy under the conditions of Western sanctions and the response from the Russian Federation. The formation of a full-fledged legislation in the innovation sphere and the creation of an effective system for stimulating innovative reproduction can be among the priority tasks of the state policy of the Russian Federation to strengthen innovative opportunities for the development of Russian agricultural regions. The authors note that innovative, including nanotechnological products, used in agricultural production, diagnostics and prevention of animal and plant diseases, primary and industrial processing of agricultural products become widespread in Russia. Thus, the problem of creating a competence center of import substitution of agricultural products as a tool for innovative development of the real sector of the economy is relevant at the present time. The article is devoted to the problem of solving the problem of import substitution in the agricultural sector at the municipal level. It is proposed to create a competence center for import substitution of agricultural products (the Center) in the Petushinsky district of the Vladimir region. The main tasks and functions of the Center are determined. Particular attention is paid to issues of stimulating innovation. In the conclusion of the study, the authors came to the understanding that the main problem on the way to creating competence centers in agriculture today is a lack of understanding of how to form and run a really working mechanism for updating and transferring new knowledge. System work is necessary: it is advisable to develop a concept for the establishment of the Center, provide conditions for the expert assessment of this concept to identify possible risks, determine the amount of required funding and identify sources of investment, appoint responsible executives for the implementation of the concept, approve the forms of preliminary, current and final control of project implementation and etc.

The problem of creating proper safeguards to ensure attorney-client privilege has always attracted the attention of lawyers, as this Institute is the basis of advocacy. The issues of preservation in secret from third parties information notified to the client in confidence to his attorney are solved first of all at the legislative level. Thus, the Russian legislation on advocacy and the legal profession establishes the legal profession as a fundamental basis for the profession of lawyers and also obliges lawyers to enforce it. Paragraraph 1 of Article 8 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On advocacy in the legal profession in the Russian Federation", as well as p. 5 Article 6 of the Code of Professional Ethics of a lawyer determine the subject of the privilege. As a guarantee of its securing p.2 Article 8 of the Law on Advocacy indicates the impossibility of calling a lawyer and his interrogation as a witness about the circumstances that have become known to him in connection with the provision of legal assistance. In accordance with the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on this issue, expressed in a number of decisions and definitions, the state is obliged to ensure at the legislative level and in law enforcement, such conditions for the exercise by citizens of the right to qualified legal assistance and for effective implementation by lawyers of activities to provide it, under which the citizen has the opportunity to freely disclose to the lawyer confidential information, and the lawyer in turn - the opportunity to prevent its disclosure. At the same time the requirement of confidentiality is the basis of a trust relationship between a lawyer and a client, covers any range of information provided both directly by the client and obtained independently by a lawyer during the provision of legal assistance and it is not limited in time. In the aspect of the above, the question of the possible limits, subjects and grounds for its disclosure, admissible criteria from the point of view of both legal and moral bases is very acute. The article focuses on the importance and relevance to the practice of law Institute attorney-client privilege, allowed its disclosure in light of changes in the existing criminal-procedural legislation, in particular, during the questioning of counsel, previously provided legal assistance in criminal proceedings with the aim of establishing procedural violations of investigative actions with his participation . The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the rules of legal and ethical regulation of this institution; generalize disciplinary practice of lawyer chambers of the subjects of the Russian Federation; emphasize the procedural contradictions in this aspect. The conclusions and proposals made in the work are aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice and can also be used in the educational process.

The article is in memory of Vera Ivanovna Anishina, Doctor of Law, Professor of the Russian State University of Justice, Chairman of the 2nd Judicial Collegium for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author of the article highlights the basic doctrinal provisions of the independence of the judiciary in the writings of Professor V.I. Anishina, highlights the scientist's contribution to improving the mechanism of the judge's responsibility in the Russian Federation. Many topical issues are being touched on the judiciary in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes numerous works of the scientist in the field of the principles of the administration of justice and discloses the content of the principles of independence and independence of judges. Conclusions are drawn about the need to change the system of principles of law, by adding new ones. The idea of a new qualitative approach to the formation of a system of constitutional and legal ideas of the modern development of the judiciary in the Russian Federation is being put forward. Based on the assumption of the need to reform the system of bringing the judge to justice, ideas are offered regarding the mechanism for bringing the judge to legal responsibility on the basis of the ideas of Judge V.I. Anishina, who participated in the consideration of the complaints of judges, deprived of the status of a judge and appealing decisions of the qualification collegiums of judges and the highest qualification board of judges in the country's highest judicial body, other scientists and international experience. It is concluded that the mechanism of judicial responsibility must be enshrined in the federal law "On the responsibility of a judge in the Russian Federation". Current conclusions, having elements of scientific novelty, made by the author in the work, correlate with the available sources on the topic of the research, supported by theoretical research.

The article is an analysis of the current state of the problem of environmental security in Russia. The authors emphasize that the ecological crisis afflicting our country is part of the global environmental problem, the solution of which requires joint efforts of the entire world community. At the same time, there is a need to take urgent measures to protect the environment directly in Russia where environmental changes in a number of regions have become a national threat. The authors call the reasons for the current situation, among which the main ones, in their opinion, are: extensive economic development, irrational use of resources, shortcomings in the administrative and command system of the Soviet and post-Soviet societies, outdated approaches to the solution of environmental security problems, imperfect legal framework, inadequate financing of environmental measures. According to the authors, only by eliminating these reasons the ecological situation can be corrected in the Russian Federation. In turn, this requires serious scientific and analytical work and a more active participation of the Russian state in solving environmental security problems. The participation of the Russian Federation in providing comprehensive environmental safety is considered at the interstate and domestic levels. The authors point out the unconditional correctness of the approach according to which environmental security in Russia is viewed as part of national security. In their opinion, this creates an additional incentive to intensify environmental activities and gives hope for solving the ecological problem in our country. At the same time, an analysis of the basic normative acts in the field of ensuring environmental safety forces the authors to conclude that they need to be further improved, as required by the tasks of economic development of the Russian Federation.

Extremist cases are characterized by a set of features: a wide range of various criminal actions, their proof circumstances complexity, an ambiguous standard and legal regulation and other difficulties. This is a reason of diverse judicial and investigative practice formation. After analysis of judicial and investigative practice author reveals a num- ber of regularities which peculiar for affairs of this category. On the basis of all materials considered by the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation (46 cases on complaints consideration for the period from 1993 to 2017) the author analyses features of complaints and statutes which are the subject at appeal. Practice synthesis of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation on cases of anti-extremism legislation and description of legal position of the Constitutional court is a result of done analysis. The author reveals and describes substantial aspects of complaints which have been rejected by the Constitutional court. Recommendations about complaints preparation and submission are stated. Special attention is paid to those circumstances which are the basis of the Constitutional court practice and are standard causes of failure in complaint consideration. According to analysis practice results of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation the following provisions are proved: 1) practice of complaint consideration by the Constitutional court on cases of extremist offenses was already created and on certain questions is constantly reproduced in decisions, 2) law-linguistic uncertainty of anti-extremism legislation isn't an obstacle to its application, 3) results of judicial and expert researches are crucial for circumstances state and existence in expert practice of numerous collisions on similar affairs isn't a subject for the appeal in the Constitutional court. The research is done with financial support of RHSF on the agreement No. 16-33-01150.

New category in the Russian civil law (hereditary fund) is described in the article. Hereditary fund represents Russian analog of widespread institute of trust in Europe. Norms regulating activity of hereditary funds will be active from 09.01.2018. Hereditary fund is created by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to will citizen. On the basis of his property the fund which is carrying out activities for property management receives inheritance. It can be termless or during a certain term. Only one person can create hereditary fund. Hereditary fund is created after the death of the citizen according to his will. To create hereditary fund it is necessary to have the will of the citizen which contains decision on hereditary fund creation. It is also necessary to have fund charter and fund management. The application for hereditary fund creation is submitted by the notary within 3 days from the moment of hereditary opening. As legal entity hereditary fund has isolated property which is formed by provided law. The property from fund is transferred to persons who are named in the decision on hereditary fund establishment or separate categories from an uncertain circle of people defined according to fund charter. The structure of hereditary fund bodies or an order of their formation is also defined by the testator. Despite introduction of a new design to the Russian civil law there are reasonable doubts whether hereditary funds will become popular in Russia or not. It is connected with a number of gaps which are in adopted law.

This article is devoted to history of legislation development about child labour in Russia till October 1917. The beginning of industry development in Russia in the 19th century demanded a large number of “working hands”. At the same time businessmen didn't want to lose planned benefit and tried to look for such workers who would be less exacting in compensation at sufficient labor efficiency. Children were such labor and their work was necessary for many factories and plants. State support of Russian bourgeoisie of central part didn't hurry to regulate legislatively labor relations, establish obligations of industrialists in relation to workers in general and juvenile workers in particular. All this explains why restriction projects of juveniles’ labor couldn't be implemented within the 1870th years. Legal labour support in Russia at the end of XIX - the beginning of the XX century was progressive. Acts were adopted in the conditions of not only industrialists’ opposition and workers, but also in the conditions of businessmen competition. Laws governed public relations on labor wage application, children and women labor involvement and also initial training of juveniles in pre-revolutionary Russia. The value of factory legislation acts in regulation of minor workers is high. They opened a way to legal settlement of disputes in industrial environment of the end XIX - the beginning of the XX century. Originally adopted acts were conditional. However under the influence of social, political and legal factors more accurate forms were corrected. Authors note that serfdom cancellation and other reforms of the beginning of the 60th years of the 19th century in Russia were made for broad development of market relations which caused the necessity of working legislation formation. There was a legislative fixing of parties' inequality at enterprises and unpunished exploitation of children.

The article describes provisions which are in the first note to Article № 158 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and also signs of embezzlement enshrined in criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Literal interpretation of the specified provisions of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation leads to a conclusion that things having physical expression and sign of corporality can act as a subject of embezzlement. Meanwhile the author of the article criticizes provisions of the criminal law. The author states thesis that despite the instruction in the Criminal code of the Russian Federation on obligation of harm causing to the owner by embezzlement, not only things but also other property can be as a subject of specified criminal encroachment. The article also describes arguments about illegal withdrawal of separate non-material things. Analyzing judgments it is possible to say that practice interprets the first note to Article № 158 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation in broad. It is necessary to understand as property not only things but also other benefits, in particular, non-cash money on bank accounts, paperless securities. Thus, despite difficulties, illegal actions for withdrawal of specified benefits judicial and investigative practice are qualified as embezzlement. These conclusions can be extended to situations connected with illegal withdrawal of other objects which are property but without material expression. The author suggests changing the existing definition of «embezzlement» and replacing the concept "owner" with the uniformed term “possessor of a right”.

The article describes process of legal mechanism formation of social and cultural adaptation and integration of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation. In spite of the fact that from the moment of Soviet Union disintegration Russian Federation is a country with the largest immigration inflow. Russian migration legislation doesn’t have concepts "adaptation" and "integration" of foreign citizens for more than 20 years. In 2015 the Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs was opened. It received the status of federal executive authority responsible for development and realization of state policy in the area of adaptation and integration. The first legislative measures directed to sociocultural adaptation of foreign citizens are analyzed. It is noted that the target audience of adaptation and integration is still not defined legislatively. Events held in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation cover various categories of foreign citizens and as a rule this is studying of Russian language, Russian history and legislation principles. The author proves that specified measures aren't enough for full inclusion of foreign citizens in the Russian society. The probability of social exclusion and formation of isolationist installations for foreigners is still high. Specified factors’ overcoming is obviously possible only thanks to the fullest realization of social rights of foreign citizens, first of all rights on housing and education. Legal mechanism of social and cultural adaptation and integration has to create conditions for realization of their social and cultural rights within the unified centers of adaptation and integration. High-quality implementation of this idea demands broad attraction of foreign citizens, non-profit organizations and also volunteers.

In this article the author analyzes legal consequences of rule violation in auctions and public competitions in the Russian Federation. The author describes essential features for scientific justification and further improvement. Theorists’ views about specified problems are significantly different among practicing lawyers and theorists. Nevertheless the author describes independent analysis of some relevant aspects of legal consequences of rule violation in auctions and public competitions. These procedures are actively applied to ensuring state and municipal needs, thanks to bigger transparency of purchases and check convenience by control bodies. Besides public and municipal sector auction is actively held also in commercial area. Auctions represent one of ways of contract signing which is closely connected with fundamental laws of free market and expresses them more consistently. In particular it is shown in competition inherent in auctions. Such competition can cover all the areas. Use of auctions in business is caused by their convenience as the customer doesn’t search contractors. And customers also have an opportunity to make bargain with the supplier who is in other point of the country without leaving own office. It is possible to do thanks to specialized electronic resources and also by means of the digital signature allowing concluding full contracts in a digital form. Auction is dominating in commercial area and in government procurement. This procedure is the best way to promote increase in competition, offering an opportunity to reduce or raise price in real time

Study of crimes connected with implementation of extremist activity as negative social and legal phenomenon is especially significant now. Firstly it is connected with aggravation of the social conflicts in the Russian society in general, violence tendency and different illegal ways of their solution. At present stage of criminogenic situation development the number of crimes connected with extremist activity, terrorism and also with arousing hatred and hostility on the bases of sex, races, nationalities, the relations to religion, belonging to this or that social group grows in our country. Such crimes are most often committed by speech. This speech becomes proof of criminal cases connected with implementation of extremist activity. Acts provided by Art. 280, 282 2822 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation [4] belong to crimes of extremist orientation committed by means of speech. It is necessary to have special linguistic knowledge to ascertain the truth on specified cases. Such crimes are committed by means of speech - oral or written. Conclusions of experts’ researches are important not only for making decision on excitement or on refusal in initiation of legal proceedings, but also for correct qualification of criminal action. Analysis of law-enforcement practice of such crimes investigation shows that there are some problems connected with conducting linguistic examination at a stage of legal proceedings initiation. Inopportuneness of the investigator who sends material for carrying out a research which contains extremism can significantly increase time of legal proceedings initiation.

Possible models of article sanctions of the special part of codified criminal law for minor offence crimes w are presented. Sanctions prescribing one main punishment are single. Sanctions prescribing several main punishments are alternative. Single sanctions can theoretically have 3 types: single sanction with imprisonment; single sanction without imprisonment with more lenient punishment; single sanction without imprisonment with more strict punishment. Alternative sanctions can be subdivided on alternative sanction with imprisonment and lowering alternative; alternative sanction with imprisonment and raising alternative. According to principle of criminal law justice crimes of various category should have various sanction models with different qualitative characteristics. On the basis of this adoption, analysis of modern legislative practice and provisions of criminal and legal doctrine recommendations about crime sanctions for minor offence are formulated. According to these recommendations minor offence crimes can be single and have more lenient punishments than imprisonment or alternative without imprisonment with the lowering alternative or with imprisonment and the lowering alternative. At the same time it is necessary to say that single sanction can include only universal type of punishment. Thus, penalty can be used for single sanctions designing of minor offence crimes.