The article presents a model of measuring the second derivative of the transformed function for transforming computational inverse initial problem at a constant external load with optimization of the uncertainty of measurement results. Optimization, when the accuracy of the external load interval is low, is achieved by the regularization of instrument transducers distribution. The solutions of the problem for experimental and computational determination of the cantilever beam support moment, including the optimal choice of coordinate references and reference transformation parameters when the cantilever beam length is not specified precisely. For engineering calculation, the formulas for estimating the accuracy of the cantilever beam support moment determination at a given error of instrument transducers are obtained.

The paper presents an experimental study of the influence of Earth remote sensing data and their transformation parameters on the resulting imaging time. The importance of such studies is determined by the need to improve the performance of digital photogrammetric stations in terms of their ability to transform a locality space image. The focus is given to such basic remote sensing data as storage format of input raster data and their internal structure. Concurrently the format and internal structure of raster data have been defined for the transformed locality images. Numerous available methods and characteristics of locality image transformation have been reviewed to identify the types of transformation polynomials and smoothing algorithms. Consideration has also been given to such hardware parameters as disk array type and FS cluster size. The authors have substantiated the restrictions on hardware platform, image transformation methods, the pixel size of input and output images and coordinate system. It has been shown that the rate of file reduction influences on the transformation speed with specific attention paid to the changes in the speed as a result of a change in the data format (the format of the output image differs from the format of the input image). The outcome of the research is recommendations on the setting of locality space image transformation parameters and adjustment of digital photogrammetric station so that in increase their efficiency without compromising accuracy and visual quality of output images.

Today there is no available information on the production of powders, including copper powders, by electroerosive dispersion method. Thus any research of the said process seems important. Traditional experiments devoted to electroerosive dispersion process that involve successive modification of specific independent variables (such as the capacity of energy discharge capacitor, voltage, pulse repetition rate, etc.) with others being invariable (like medium, material, etc.) are rater complicated and demand much time, effort and resource. These are multi-factor experiments that are related with the optimization of material properties, identification of more optimal conditions of the electroerosive dispersion production process, development of the most efficient equipment design, etc. As a result the systems become too sophisticated to be studied within reasonable time period. Thus there is a need to find a way to boost research activities with ensuring final results that will approximate the most optimal solution. One of such ways is the statistical method of factorial experiment. The purpose of the present paper is to find the most optimal electrical parameters of electroerosive dispersion plant by making a full-scale factorial experiment and investigating the form and morphology of copper electroerosive powders obtained under the most optimal parameters of the production process. The most optimal electrical parameters of electroerosive dispersion plant have been determined by means of full-scale factorial experiment based on the efficiency of copper powder production process. It has been experimentally proved that the most optimal parameters for the production of copper powder by electroerosive dispersion in distilled water are as follows: capacity of the energy discharge capacitor of 45.5 мF, electrode voltage of 220 V, and pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz.

The analysis of construction processes implementation shows that at random times dead time periods occur. In the course of their elimination for rather a long period of time a flow of failures occurs. For a construction flow the condition of stationary occurrence of dead time periods is not always met. Thus, probability of dead time period occurrence for a specific flow can change for various reasons within a certain time period. It would appear reasonable that at the beginning of the shift dead time periods of a certain flow are probable, namely, because of the late arrival of workers to the construction site due to waiting for construction structures and materials delivery, other difficulties of equipment conditioning and due to other reasons. The most important data of the process of dead time period occurrence (flow of failures) are process intensity and its parameters. Under a flow of failures in the reliability theory a succession of failures occurring one by one in random periods of time is meant. The failure flow type defines system properties and reliability criteria as well as reliability calculation methods and analysis. Therefore, studies of flow of failures play an important role while investigating system’s reliability, including those of a construction flow. Probability of failure occurrence during a certain period of time does not depend on the number of failures and their distribution before this period, i.e. failures are accidental and independent occurrences. Stationarity of a random process of time of failure occurrence means that at any time period probability of failure occurrence depends only on the time period but does not change due to the time axes shift. In the reliability theory several types of failure flows are distinguished. The correspondence of process of dead time periods for some flows to the Poisson failure flow is analyzed in the article.

Plasma coating application technologies were widely developed in 60-80s of the previous century, both in terms of theory and practice, mainly in defense sectors of industry, which made it possible to achieve high results in the aerospace industry, military aircraft industry, turbomachinery for different purposes. The induced focus on application of foreign inventions (equipment, materials, and technologies) in this area contradicts with national interests, since these technologies are of dual-use application and are used in the defense industry, and, therefore come to the overseas market quite outdated both in theory and practice. The subject matter of the technology of plasma spraying is the low-temperature plasma production based on the electric arc discharge in different gases or their combinations. Plasma (ionized gas flow of 20000°С...30000°С) is formed in a specialized plasma generator, plasmatron). Metal, metallic ceramics, ceramics powder is added into the produced in the plasmatron plasma flow in a set place and is nearly immediately fused, accelerated to the speed of 100...500 m/s and more and is applied on the part. The result is that rather a thin coating (0.2 -1mm, as a rule) with high performance parameters is formed on the part surface. To obtain such coatings different metal powders are required. This research is aimed at the studying of nanocomposite coating wear characteristics. Sample and counter sample surface friction factor and wear rate were measured using an automated computer-controlled friction and wear machine (Tribometer, CSM Instruments, Switzerland), by means of a standard test pattern “ball-disc”.

The techniques of semiconductor devices manufacturing are very diverse. However, in all cases there are a number of common basic technological operations during the manufacturing process of semiconductor products. Technological process involves the steps of water control of the components of semiconductor materials and their mechanical and chemical treatment. In the process of ingot slicing and grinding, a large amount of heat is released; running water is used to cool the area of the cut. Water acts as an antifriction liquid and facilitates the collection of waste of the material being processed. Waste water got during the cutting process of semiconductor wafers contains up to 45% of the suspended initial product. The cost of a semiconductor material waste is more than 6,000 c.u., so the collection and recovery of the produced waste is very urgent. The degree of dispersion depends on the type of cutting, the speed of cutting and the saw blade thickness. The concentration of suspended solids in the liquid waste is determined by cooling water rate. The article gives mathematics of the processes of filtering suspensions, which are the products of the mechanical processing of the plates of gallium arsenide, through flat metal porous barriers. The formulae for mathematical calculation of the processes of filtration of suspensions through porous metal barriers are presented. The results of the experiments on the separation of industrial wastes on the porous barriers show application perceptiveness of these materials. This work summarizes Russian and foreign experience on the mathematical modleling of the processes of filtering suspensions formed during cutting and grinding of materials with a crystalline structure through the metal porous barriers under different conditions. To develop calculating techniques for production units the analysis of dependences given in the literature and obtained by means of mathematical processing of the experimental data is carried out.

In many cases, properties of electrosparking coatings of warn-out parts depend on composition, structure and properties of electrode materials. From a practical standpoint, electrodes with nanosize particles are of main interest. The analysis of published scientific papers revealed that the most promising method for nanosize material obtaining is the method of electroerosion dispersion. This works is aimed at the research of electrosparking coatings of reconditioned and hardened parts of chemical and gas and oil equipment using electroerosion nanomaterial electrodes. Electroerosion dispersion unit and P6M5 high-speed steel wastes were used to produce powder for electrosparking machining of worn-out parts. Distilled water was used as a fluid. Operation parameters of the ectroerosion dispersion unit are: reactor electrode voltage U=120 V, energy discharge capacitor capacity С=55 ufd, reactor electrode gap l=100 mm. The electrode for electrosparking machining of worn-out parts was obtained from electroerosion powders in the spark plasma sintering unit by means of 3-minute high current passage through the workpiece at 950 °С. Sample material for electrosparking machining is steel 30ХГСА. The electrosparking coating was applied on the sample by means of electrosparking machining unit «UR-121». The electrosparking machining parameters are: mode N7, voltage - 220 V, capacity - 360 ufd, pulse-recurrence time - 100 hz. Up-to-date methods of testing and research were used in solving the set problems. The performance testing showed that the length of employment (equipment life) of samples with a reconditioned by means of electrosparking machining with a nanostructured electrode increased by 1.5 in comparison with an unhardened rod.

When reconstructing and examining buildings in which the process is accompanied by constant exposure of concrete floor structures to aggressive fluid environments, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the assessment of residual life of safe operation of building structures. The results of instrumental examinations of precast flat concrete slab exposed to lactic acids showed that the floor structure has many defects and damages: significant corrosion of working reinforcement, distribution bars, concrete, and collapse of support sections of floor slabs. The calculation of the strength of floor components with regard to corrosion of reinforcement and change of support conditions of span slabs suggests that main load-bearing floor structures are in limited operating condition, and in some sections, they are close to unacceptable state. For safe operation of the building, it is necessary to take a set of measures aimed at temporary strengthening of floor structures in the shortest time possible.

The article describes the principles of improvement of architectural and construction solutions for general layouts of industrial complexes of enterprises from the perspective of ecological safety. Different techniques of environmental situation improvement in the industrial zones are proposed. They include the types of zoning based on various characteristic features. Main directions of ecological zoning and its application when constructing a modular planning production structure are described in details. One of the main directions of greening architectural and construction solutions for general layouts for environmental management and conservation of land resources is to reduce the area of industrial enterprise construction. The principle of optimization of micro-climatic conditions involves the use of different techniques given in this article. The increase in green areas and rational planning of green spaces are also considered as fundamental principles of greening industrial development areas. In addition, enhancement of the visual quality of industrial enterprise environment is considered as an essential condition for improving general layout as a whole. The study concluded that the environmental safety issues are studied insufficiently and, it is necessary to apply these principles in practice.

The paper presents a study of the performance of reinforced concrete engineering structures that operate in corrosive media and have some damages in concrete and main reinforcement. The major structural part of an engineering facility is formed by reinforced concrete structures with long service life. Insufficient financial support of maintenance activities has resulted in multiple defects that developed in concrete during operation time with wear rate over 30%. The operation of reinforced concrete structures in engineering facilities in corrosive media results in an increase in repair works. Synergetic impact of different media causes notable changes in stress-related properties and mechanical characteristics of concrete in the affected area of reinforced concrete structures of an engineering facility. The main objectives of the presented research was to identify the types of corrosive media, and to determine their influence upon the structure and strength characteristics of concrete and reinforcement, to investigate the mechanisms of a corrosive medium penetration into cast stone. Time-related changes in the properties of a material have irreversible nature and depend on straining conditions and environment interaction pattern. Moreover, as a corrosive medium is penetrating into the body of a structure the protective ability of concrete deteriorates and reinforcement begins to corrode. An examination of reinforcement corrosion in a reinforced concrete engineering structure and diagnosis of corrosion damage can often be complicated because the reinforcement is insulated by concrete. Protective performance of concrete depends on its density, protective layer thickness and chemical composition of the matrix. Corrosion decreases cross-section area of reinforcement and affects its cohesion with concrete., which has a negative effect on the performance of a reinforced concrete structure of an engineering facility.

Solid domestic waste disposal is a pending issue on the agenda of housing and communal services, hence there is always a need to develop new methods of collecting, decontamination and recycling of such waste type as it is a multicomponent mixture of different fractions. The rate of nature pollution by solid industrial and domestic waste is increasing so far. Air pollution is not only hazardous for human health but also present a serious environmental threat. In order to control air quality in the process of biological waste processing and recycling and to reduce negative environmental impact the authors have developed an innovative sanitary add-on device that can be used to furnish incinerators. The proposed way to improve environmental friendliness of existing biological waste processing plants can increase the cleaning efficiency of effluent gases and control the quality of atmospheric air. Its implementation can improve gas-cleaning system and its performance. In order to assess the efficiency of the proposed sanitary add-on device the Department of Heat, Gas and Water Supply of Southwest State University built a pilot experimental unit and conducted research. Research results demonstrated that the developed unit used in the system of solid biological waste processing ensures up to 70 % rate of gaseous effluents (flue gases) cleaning. Thus the proposed engineering solution is able to reduce the amount of pollutant substances released into atmospheric air and consequently to improve the environment in urban residential areas creating better climate and residential comfort.

This article deals with the analysis of different trends of developing design, space-planning, structural and architectural solutions when constructing industrial enterprise buildings. The alternate solutions under consideration relate to modern environmental requirements. Assessment of their application is based on the principle of bio-positivity. The conclusion on their compliance and effectiveness is made. Some examples of certain technologies and materials application are given. In addition, the issues of the reduction of structural material consumption and labour costs minimization are discussed. The principles of architectural and construction bionics used when creating new structural materials and shapes can be distinguished as a separate promising line. Renewability of natural resources used for producing building materials is indicated as the most important criterion for compliance with environmental requirements because currently most building materials are produced from non-renewable sources of raw materials. The examples clearly illustrating this problem are given. Reduction of the consumption of materials as one of the key requirements for improving the overall environmental performance of the industrial zone should be provided when applying the solutions at all stages of the preparation and construction of industrial buildings. Substantiation of the choice and application of a particular material or technology is another important criteria in compliance with environmental requirements.

It is represented that civil liability institution provides legal services of healthy environment. Presumption of environmental risk and economic activities implies objective liability of environmental risk source and full reparation for harm suffered. The article offers to differentiate businesses related to environmental risks between illegal and legal ones. The basis for objective liability of an owner or risk operator is considered to be contravention of environmental legislation. As a rule, contravention of environmental legislation is a consequence of technological accidents. Not only an economic entity is responsible for technological accidents management but also State and local government authorities. The article represents that legislation and experts’ on objective liability principle for damage caused by environmental risk enterprises vision are controversial. The article concluded that absence of illegal activity related to environmental risk economic entities and pollution charges system aimed to protect and restore environment are grounds for obtaining compensation claims against local government and public authorities of the Russian Federation.

Need for innovation-based economy development and labor-market changes has caused not only the need for professional training changes but also Russian education system reforming as a whole. The following official documents were adopted to implement this reform: “The Government Programme of the Russian Federation ‘Education Development, 2013-2020”, “Federal Target Programme of the Russian Federation of Education Development, 2016-2020”, “Innovative Development Strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2020”. Moreover Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ “Act on Education” was adopted. It established legal parameters of education system and it represented new views of purposes, functions and content of education under the conditions of contemporary social and economic development. At the same time weaknesses of these programme documents were recognized immediately. It happened due to the fact that documents were not harmonized, they were based on different foundational premises (because they were adopted at different times as an attempt to adjust education policy in the process of the reform), and most importantly, the documents included the guidance that was not based on national education interests. The consequences of these reforms have led to a number of problems, in particular, education level decrease. Currently the author of this article is developing his own concept of Russian education system modernization, aimed to optimize and improve the effectiveness of this system. The concept will be represented in a series on this issue. The article reveals general theory and conceptual issues that will contribute to author’s vision understanding.

The article is devoted to the notion “region” in the field of legal theory. Scientific and legislative approaches are represented in the article. The author’s approach to define different notions is included in the paper. The author also shows contradiction between different notions. Such notions as “regional level”, “the level of the entity of the Russian Federation”, “small town level”, “sub-federal level” are analyzed in the article. It is emphasized that these notions are often used as synonyms or they can have difference in their meanings. Taking into consideration the Russian Federation decentralization characteristics the notion “region” that can characterize territorial division of the Russian Federation into entities is considered to be the most universal according to author’s point of view. The article offers to distinguish regional law as a part of legal sciences. In this case regional law is considered to be laws and regulations regulating regional relations or the Russian Federation entities legislation .Besides it is worth noting that “regional law” is also a brunch of legal sciences. This fact is often forgotten. The article reveals the idea that regional law as a part of legal sciences can contribute to Russian regional legislation development. It can also help to make regional law unique, less dependent from federal law that will lead to the Russian Federation legal system optimization and legal regulation of social relations improvement. The article says that regional law can include sector-based content not in all Russian law sectors. Thus, regional law can not be included into the brunches regulated by federal law (criminal law, civil law ). Such brunches of law as administrative law, environmental law, financial law can and must include regional dimension.

The paper describes legal regulation of parental relations in Russia in comparison with Ukraine and Belorussia. The author notes priorities of the Russian one. Recommendations on improving the Russian legislation are made based on the analysis of theoretical scientific views. The author concludes on the need of paying special attention to the definition “family” in the Russian Family law. Analyzing similar definitions, the author gives his own one. Besides, the author suggests adding a list of responsibilities of both parents and children to the Family Law of the Russian Federation The paper suggests a detailed regulation of assisted reproductive technologies and surrogacy motherhood contracts in order to protect the rights of the surrogate mother as well as those whose genetic material is used. Based on previous studies, the author has developed theoretical propositions that may solve one of the most important problem. It is family, parenthood and childhood protection. The practical importance of the paper is to improve family-legal regulation of protection, protection and state support for family and parenthood, and childhood in the Russian Federation. The main provisions could be used in research and teaching.

The processes of the radical present world order transformation in the world as well as rethinking the content of international relations are currently observed in the paper. It concerns both the system of legal regulation, which creates and implements international legal relations in the framework of the existing entities, and the fundamental principles of this kind of cooperation. A result of active globalization and integrating transformations, accompanied by extension and inclusion of new areas of public relations, we face with transformation of the current legal regulation as well as emergence of new levels, which include a supranational one. Therefore, there is a phenomenon of "supra-national law". These processes lead to creating new legal structures and technologies to regulate legal regulation of supranational public relations effectively, as well to adapting of the current instruments and entities to the new conditions of integration. The European Union is one of the most striking examples of attempts to implement supranational legal regulation of social relations between the states belonging to different legal families, as well as having different individualizing characteristics; it helped to test various unique techniques and methods of legal regulation of integration and globalization transformations. In particular, there was an attempt to create a supranational federal union of the states based on a single Constitution. The paper presents a theoretical and legal analysis of the provisions of the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, which provides for changing its supranational sources of the law system. The author suggests that it should be made, taking into account the proposed exploration (by 2017) of new ways of integration and globalization.

The paper investigates historical stages of formation criminal liability for evasion from serving in military or alternative civilian service. The relevance of the considered theme is proved by the fact that evasion of military service are among the most frequent crimes against military service. Therefore, their control is one of the main tasks of the military command and the military justice. It is aimed at strengthening of the military law enforcement and ensuring the military security of the state. The author emphasizes that both enforcement practice and theoretical aspects related to the crimes committed by military personnel should be studied. The authors analyzed historical aspects of formation the criminal legislation on responsibility for military crimes and concluded that it had been extremely uncertain and imprecise before Peter I came to power. In the first quarter of XVIII it actually formed a system of crimes against the order for military service. In 60-70-ies of the XIX century, the system was brought into full compliance with the general criminal. The author refers to the concept "mutilation", which allowed a soldier to indicate evasion of military service by harming his health. Other cases of personnel absence (escape, absence without an official leave) within the service without a valid reason from business trips, short-term, after illness, displacements and more are also considered. This paper under consideration examines the issues related to the purpose of punishment for aiding and incitement of the evidence.

The present study emphasis on the issue on applying norms of civil nature aimed at preventing violations in the sphere of civil protection and protection of civil rights on life and health. Art. 1065 of the Civil Code "Preventing harm" is taken for granted in order to implement a life and health right protective mechanism. The authors suggest applying some types of lawsuits of the appropriate category and consider the importance of increasing effectiveness of civil protection and protection of civil rights on life and health. The authors have use the methods of analysis, abstraction and specification to determine conditions of efficiency of the judicial enforcement in order to prevent harm to civil life and health. The scientific novelty of the study is that nobody has ever studied the specifics of preventive norms of civil nature aimed at preventing violations of civil life and health before. In the paper, the authors conclude on the most effective ways to protect the civil rights on life and health by the preventive rules. The authors believe that the courts should mind social benefit and harm from that activity when deciding on harming activity of a subject. The socio-economic needs of the society and the factors that ensure normal civil activity, safety of the current facilities for the life and health of citizens should be take into consideration in when deciding on similar lawsuits. The court is obliged to evaluate these circumstances, based on the evidence provided to the court and objective investigation of all circumstances of the case. The paper proves that it is necessary to provide for a legal presumption according to which any potentially dangerous activity is contrary to the public interest. In its turn, it will help the injured person, as the tortfeasor will prove that termination of the activities of the potentially dangerous subject is contrary to public interests.

The article discusses the practice of making the principles of consumer rights protection in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The author substantiates that the principles of consumer rights protection ensure the unity of law in the system of rights and obligations of consumers and their counterparties, as well as the state, determine the general direction and tendencies of developing human rights mechanism. Principles for the protection of consumer rights directly affect the optimality and effectiveness of civil legal regulation in relation to participation of consumers. The study used general scientific and special legal methods of research: analysis and synthesis, modeling legal, formally legal one. Scientific novelty of the conducted research is connected with systematic statement of principles for the protection of consumer rights that currently have no legal recognition, given the mixed nature of the relations. As a result, the authors formulate the definition of principles for the protection of consumer rights. These principles are understood as the original wording of the positive law, scientific doctrine and jurisprudence of international, constitutional, cross-sectoral, sectoral and institutional levels, forming certain standards of behavior of subjects of law. They are to ensure the stability of relations in the market of goods and services. The authors come to the conclusion that principles of law can be directly formulated in positive law and/or have a collective value substantiated by a reasonable scientific doctrine; system of principles for the protection of consumer rights is a complex combination of collection of concepts, aimed at a comprehensive and equitable protection of the violated rights of citizens in the market of goods and services. The authors believe that the principles of consumer rights protection should be legalized in the RF Law "On protection of consumer rights".

On October 2, 2016 the Federal Law of 3 July 2016, №236-FZ "On public corporations in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" came into force This law regulates the establishment and activities of new organizational-legal forms of legal entities for the Russian legislation- public corporations. Legal entities with similar legal status have been established in a number of foreign countries. The reason for the creation of public corporations was the inefficiency of state-owned corporations. The state required the creation of a new form of legal entity that can be entrusted with the solution of a number of strategic objectives in the field of economics. Public corporation is a unitary non-profit organization created by the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner with the authority of a public law nature and operating in the interests of the state and society. Public corporations are established on the basis of the Federal act or of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, acting on the basis of the decision on the establishment of the company or of the Charter. The law establishes some rules that are common to all public corporations. There is the possibility to directly influence on the activities of public corporations on the part of the President. Public corporations are not liable for obligations of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation is not liable for the obligations of public corporations. The property is formed mainly due to the contribution of the Russian Federation. There is a possibility to invest temporarily free funds. The Government of the Russian Federation establishes the investment procedure. Public corporations are required to adopt a development strategy that should include targets and expected results of operations. The law establishes the order of conducting and submitting financial statements for public corporations. In general, as the organizational-legal form of legal entities, public corporation is a complex legal formation, the creation of which is due to several reasons of legal and non-legal nature. Public corporations have a significant difference from government-owned corporations. That aspect is also discussed in this article.

While analyzing recent changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation and their impact on relations of business entities providing utility services, and citizens, the author considers the problems of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of consumer services, and housing and utilities services. The main attention is paid to forming the system of municipal solid waste management in the Russian Federation. The paper studies the legal issues related to the provision of services by the regional operator, and its interaction with customers and other services. The changed management structure will streamline certain activities in the field of municipal solid waste management and solve a number of topical issues of relations between the organizations of housing and utilities sector and users of services that exist currently. The issues of increasing responsibility of economic entities engaged in the export of waste from the places of collection to specialized accommodation facilities (the enterprises for sorting waste) are also considered. The article shows the peculiarities of contractual relations, the emergence of responsibility for their failure and the problems of coercion into a contract of one obliged party by the other one. The article reveals the contradictions of legal regulation of relations connected with calculation and payment for negative impact on the environment. The author focuses on the imperfection of the legal regulation in the sphere of waste management, the need to improve legislation through the adoption of a comprehensively thought out and balanced solutions, providing unified and simple approach to minimize the risks of unsuccessful introduction of novelties, due to the fact that the relations in the sphere of consumer services, and housing and utilities services affect the vast range of legal entities and individuals. The article shows the contradictions of legal regulation of relations connected with calculation and payment for negative impact on the environment. Emphasizing the significance and relevance of the given issue, the author concentrates on the problems, while pursuing detailed analysis of legislative acts, revealing the theoretical aspects of the conceptual apparatus, the relationship of civil and housing legislation in the sphere of legal regulation of relations in the housing and utilities services.

This article addresses the main problems of the definition of a company name of a legal entity as one of the means of individualization of legal entities. The authors identify certain criteria of a company name, its structural elements, and the features of protection and the means of individualization of legal entities. The purpose of this research was a comprehensive analysis of the main problems of registration of a company name in Russia. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve following tasks: to establish a clear concept of "company names", to define the basic criteria of acquiring these names, to identify the main requirements of the legislation to company name. In our study there were used the methods of system synthesis and system analysis. In addition, the authors resorted to comparative legal, formal logical and other methods of studying the institute of “company names of legal entities". The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors are one of the first in the Russian legal science that attempted to carry out a comprehensive study and analysis of problems of defining the basic requirements of a legislator to "company name". In the course of conducting this research, there were revealed some solutions to the problems of defining the essence and characteristics of "company names" in Russia. The results can be taken for further research activities in the study of individualization of legal entities. In addition, the main conclusions of the study can be applied in practice when implementing the mechanism of "company names" and the protection of business reputation of a legal entity. Application field: law-making, law enforcement and practical activities. Social significance of the study is that the authors solve a number of public and socially important objectives to address the gaps of the current legislation, identify problems of the modern Russian law and define ways of their decision. Therefore, the registration of a "company name of a legal entity" allows providing it with additional protection against various attacks on business reputation of a legal entity that ultimately leads to economic stability of an organization and public recognition.

State policy development in the field of regional assets rational use is caused by economic crisis consequences overcoming. This policy is necessary under international sanctions concerning Russia and response measures on them. One of the main effective state policy conditions in the field of regional assets rational use is methodical approach analysis to this policy forming. The article is about methodical approaches generalization to state policy development. Policy entities formulate society interests, strategic requirements of state corresponding development stage in the form of basic principles and strategic objectives which make state policy forming basis. State policy principles and strategic objectives are revealed in this research. There are four main models of state policy development and realization. These models depend on leading performer in purposes and problems of policy promotion, actions and programs development. These models are described in the article. State policy formation and realization process is carried out according to general algorithm. Its main stages are given in the research. The article has the following conclusion: all described models of state policy development follow the general algorithm of political decisions adoption: interests - priorities - risks -purposes - resources - decisions. Models define universal characteristics which are peculiar for policy processes formation. Authors of the article say that in the field of regional assets rational use it is reasonable to break state policy forming process into two stages: state policy strategic objective determination, management subjects/objects determination and state policy tools development. In conclusion it is noted that during state policy development and implementation in the field of regional assets rational use it is necessary to consider that its main role is not in income distribution between regions but in conditions for regional assets involvement in production processes by means of their rational use. And the other role is in region economic activity increase and in life quality increase.

The article describes entrepreneurship as activity performed on an innovative risk basis for income acquisition purpose. Investment and construction specifics are taken into account. The purpose of the article is to reveal entrepreneurship evolution in construction and its main components unity: personal, economic, organizational and managerial. The conceptual framework at theory and methodological level is studied. This framework describes «lean manufacturing». As authors say entrepreneurship economic components find its reflection in strategy for project implementation from Lean point of view. It is based on lean management in construction and on its thinking. It is also based on such principles as project cooperation at all development and implementation stages, strengthening of relations between project participants. Projects are consent networks, fixed training, project optimization but not its separate parts. Mentioned principles implementation is possible in integrated form of construction contract. Economical management approaches described in the article are used in many countries. Some companies have already reached a certain maturity, others are at different stages. Authors study such computer techniques that could make planning and design more reliable and more evident to show such processes as 3D, 4D and 5D modeling, BIM (information modeling) which is described more detailed in conducted researches. As a result main steps of economical production implementation in construction are shown. In economy crisis "old" principles of "lean manufacturing" reflecting main entrepreneurship components unity can be provided in philosophical, economic and organizational aspects to new information technologies implementation which are based on "lean construction" principles.

In modern economic researches accents are shifted towards economy knowledge studying. This study is in new products production innovations. It is based on last researches and inventions. Therefore information and prognostic support of perfect innovative economy forming mechanisms and instruments are updated quickly. The main place is in quantitative development for short-term cost forecasting for scientific researches. At the same time forecast errors lead to current and capital costs revaluation. So forecast accuracy is very important. Besides used indicator justification in open statistical massifs with different aggregating levels is a significant problem. All information stated above show need in additional statistical development for assessment and short-term internal costs forecasting on researches and development taking into account territorial distinctions. This article is devoted to innovative development problem. Methodological and methodical development tools for short-term internal cost forecasting on researches and inventions. The purpose of this research is in short-term forecasting enhancement taking into account Russian Federation entities differentiation under social and economic development.

The article deals with the current situation in Russian industrial markets amid economic sanctions. The problem of economic sanctions is especially perceptible in those industries where import content is traditionally high and links with big western companies are close. Nowadays, information and communication technologies (ITC) market is being considerably transformed influenced by global processes taking place in the Russian economy in the whole. This is especially strongly pronounced in import substitution processes. The Russian ICT market is often studied and characterized based on the points of view of world market research agencies such as IDC, and its trends are estimated in dollar terms. However, the strong growth of dollar exchange rate in comparison with the national currency has made that estimate not exactly appropriate. We suggest viewing the ICT market in the light of inner Russian economic conditions and its internal constituents. The major trends of all ICT market constituents are revealed. Basic variants of import substitution in different spheres of information technologies are reviewed. ICT market growth rate estimation has been performed. The undertaken research allows consideration of specific features of current ICT market development and definition of basic recommendations for positive trends maintenance and sustainability of the sphere of information and communication technologies.

Relevance of territorial and spatial entities forming (TSE) is described in the article. Its impact strengthening on region's social and economic development is also studied. In modern conditions it is connected with the most complete use of breakthrough technologies, geopolitical and geographical country benefits. TSE forming processes in world economy and developed market relations promoted problems which solution requires considering territorial features. Besides, regional factors underestimation to a large extent also caused insufficiently outstanding performance of market transformations. Theoretically optimization task of spatial structures from macroeconomic line is set for regional economic policy. So underestimation and furthermore regional features ignoring of market relations forming negatively influence general economic situation in the world. It is necessary to say that territorial and spatial entities allocation in regions and propulsive industries promotes "push" creation for economic processes development: manpower employment increases, interconnected industries functioning. Analysis of territorial and spatial entities in the different countries which stimulate economy development is carried and form development poles. International experience of territorial and spatial entities application is also studied in this article. Their distinctive features are also analyzed. Cities development analysis in globalization level and competitive development advantages is carried out. It is shown that development of city agglomeration acts as territories "growth point" in which they are and sometimes for all the country.

Modern trends of labor market in Russia as well as unstable external economic environment contribute to the search for domestic sources of development. This source is traditionally the stimulation of productivity growth. The traditional approach to measuring its level involves the use of indicators of development and complexity. The analysis of this approach to the assessment of productivity level has allowed us to identify deficiencies in its application and draw a conclusion about the need for research in the field of monitoring the labor productivity level. Nowadays the growth rate of labor productivity in Russia lags behind the dynamics of this indicator in foreign countries. That led to the fact that productivity growth was stated as one of the priorities of socio-economic development. Here we give the analysis of the targets established by the Edict of the President of the Russian Federation "On long-term state economic policy" and marked in the Strategy of long-term socio-economic development of Russia until 2020. The results of the study allow us to conclude that these targets will not be achieved. Accordingly, this poses the question of their adjustment. This requires a deep analysis of labour productivity level taking into account regional and industry specifics. Development of activities to improve the productivity level is particularly relevant in connection with the workforce downsizing. In this paper, the analysis of the demographic situation and trends of its development allows us to conclude that the growth of social demand on the working population becomes more prevalent and will only increase in the future.

Currently, the role of investment is extremely high and is one of the most pressing problems both in global and national economies. With the growing number of multinational corporations and their branches a new stage in the development of international investment relations has started in most of the countries. To ensure stable economic growth the influx of foreign direct investment is urgent, which is one of the main forms of international capital flow. The authors highlight the major deterrents to growth of foreign investments volume in Russia. As a result of increased export of capital over export and import the Russian economy suffers from an acute shortage of foreign investment. The authors note that in the case of a timely adoption of the necessary measures to combat the constraints, Russia will be able to create a massive internal market for science-intensive products. It may become a cause of reduction the export of raw materials and our country leadership in the export of intellectual services and science-intensive products. It is necessary to create a favorable climate and develop a system of legislative measures to promote the inflow of foreign capital into domestic economy. According to the authors, the regulation mechanism of foreign investments in the Russian Federation relies on a number of prohibitions and restrictions. The most limited investment spheres are financial (insurance and banking organizations), the aviation industry and extraction of natural resources; location, construction and operation of nuclear facilities for foreign investors are entirely under the ban. The authors came to the conclusion that the continuous inflow of foreign direct investment is an important factor of stable economic growth. In this regard, the policy of any state, including the Russian Federation, should be aimed at improving the investment climate: improving legal protection for investors, providing various incentives, access to investment in previously restricted investors sectors of the economy.

The article is devoted to one of the activities of the Antimonopoly body aimed at the development of a competitive environment, through establishment of an active information policy with the international community, other public authorities, the business community and citizens. This direction is called as competition advocacy. As practice shows, the value of the activities for competition advocacy increases in the modern reality of Russian economy development and due to the increasing role of Antimonopoly policy In turn, effective competition is possible not only through the implementation of Supervisory measures implemented in the framework of the legislation, but also by a wide range of activities using the tools of advocacy. The article discusses an essential characteristic of competition advocacy policy, its role in shaping the competitive environment of the region - Republic of Buryatia. The authors highlight the priorities in the regional concept of competition advocacy, mainly aimed at promoting the mission, goals and objectives of Antimonopoly authority on clarification of antitrust policy. The work contains analysis of the activities of the territorial administration of the Buryat OFAS Russia on the implementation of this direction, allowing to draw a conclusion about increasing the level of transparency and openness of the public authority. The authors conclude that the importance of competition advocacy increases as the complexity of the object and controls its functions. It is recognized that an active process of competition advocacy contributes to the creation of conditions for competition development through the prevention and suppression of monopoly.

Topicality of the research lies in the need to credit entities as it is the main direction of resource allocation, contribution to the formation of the national economy and support of domestic producers of goods and services. The subject of the research is economic relations arising in the process of granting loans to legal entities by commercial banks. The aim of this work is theoretical and practical substantiation of efficiency of legal entities crediting by Sberbank of Russia. In accordance to the intended purpose the following tasks are defined and solved in this paper : to analyze the efficiency of corporate lending by Sberbank, to identify problems and make recommendations for their elimination. In the present work the efficiency of corporate lending is analyzed using the method of statistical analysis, financial analysis, horizontal and vertical data analysis. The value of this work lies in the fact that at the moment lending to legal entities contributes to the development of the national economy, supports domestic producers of goods and services in conditions of unstable development of economy, when credit risks increase, as most of the potential borrowers have a precarious financial condition.

Currently the problem of the social and economical potential formation of economy has become essential, therefore a number of important contributions to this problem has been made. Contemporary society is developing under the conditions of national, regional and industrial markets economies differentiation. This leads to economic risks and sanctions. Thus, there is considerable interest in both the concepts describing appropriate economic development of national economies and practical solutions contributing to social and economic development of national economies. Macroeconomics social and economic stability, strong political relations are of crucial importance. The article estimates contemporary economies and political tendencies in national economies development. Contemporary theory of social and economic policy aims to find the balance between budget strategy and different aspects of social and economic development of the state. It was determined that economic crises are deeply connected with the crises of social and economic development, therefore public policy has to be focused on not so much fiscal purposes as on the social and economic challenges. It is justified on the ground that it is necessary to optimize social and economic management in many countries worldwide, including Russia. Positive experience of incorporation of national social and economic policies formation and implementation can contribute to the solution of the problem.