Segmentation of images is an important task while processing images. Among the most widespread methods are methods based on pixel clustering, histogram methods, morphological methods, watershed segmentation, multiscale segmentation, and others. A promising trend in image processing is the use of fuzzy logic methods and the fuzzy set theory. Their application makes it possible to improve the quality of processing by providing information in a fuzzy form. The article proposes a new method for images segmentation involving boundaries detection based on the fuzzy representation of the image and fuzzy pixels. The membership functions are proposed for describing fuzzy pixels, and the requirements for their form and type are provided. The most suitable membership functions for fuzzy imaging are the s-function and the π-function. A description of a new method for boundaries detection based on the Sobel operator and the developed fuzzy type of image is described. In this case, standard calculations of the image brightness gradient are supplemented with their fuzzy versions which are then combined to obtain the final result. The experimental verification of the developed method is carried out using the example of eyeground images. In addition to the fuzzy detection of boundaries for the detection of blood vessels, the images were subjected to pre-processing (halftone imaging, mask matching, contrasting), morphological operators (thinning of boundaries, dilatation), and an algorithm for removing small details was applied. During testing, the developed algorithm showed acceptable results in terms of segmentation of blood vessels. In the future, a fuzzy image model can be extended to use fuzzy features of the second and higher types

Car engine is the most complex and important unit of a car. A lot of technical, economic and environmental automobile performance depend on it. Therefore, the development of advanced methods for diagnosing the technical state of engine mechanisms and systems is of great practical importance. The most part and labor intensity of the total number of malfunctions accounts for the cylinder-piston group (GPG). The purpose of this work was to increase the informative value of the process of diagnosing the engines of VAZ front-wheel drive vehicles by using technical endoscopy. To obtain information about the level of technical condition, it is not advisable to disassemble a unit or assembly in a good operation condition, since, first, it is associated with considerable labor costs, and second, and what is important, each disassembly and change of the mutual position of the used parts leads to the reduction of the residual life by 30 - 40%. Using a technical endoscope to obtain information about the technical state of the GPG provides unique opportunities for visual diagnostics. Due to the use of a technical endoscope, it became for the first time possible to proceed while diagnosing internal combustion engine GPG to the evaluation of design parameters of the technical state, such as: the state of the hone net, grooves, scoring, scratches, which could only be performed before by automobile disassembly. In general, technical endoscopy increases the informative value of the process of cylinder-piston group diagnosing. The use of a technical endoscope reveals unique possibilities for an operative assessment of the technical condition of the object being diagnosed in order to shorten the time of detection and subsequent elimination of malfunctions.

Ensuring strength parameters of building elements of residential, domestic and industrial premises, located on the territory of the embankment in continuous operation is a fundamental factor in the sustenance of the population, especially in changing climatic effects of the environment and a massive impact of coastal waves. Maintaining comfortable conditions normalized long stay population in the residential, domestic, and industrial purposes with reduced power consumption and ensuring safe operation, currently carried out in accordance with the implementation of the city's "life support" and is performed in accordance with the adoption of the Federal law of 23 November 2009 "No. 261-FZ. On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation." All this underlines the relevance of the authors research and proposed recommendations for implementation are protected by patents of the Russian Federation of technical solutions. Such construction elements such as driven piles are the most intensively exposed to destruction because of being in wet soil, which contributes to the corrosive destruction of the material and periodic seismic effects beginning with the waves at the perimeter of the coast promenade. As shown by the analysis of known emergency residential, public and industrial construction projects, the decline in the standard terms of use driven piles leads to premature destruction of buildings and constructions, which consequently increases the danger of finding the population on the territory of the embankment. A feature of the exploitation of construction objects located on the territory of the embankment is the sum of the effect as the seismic loads due to the periodic power strokes of the rolling waves on the ground bordering the perimeter, and the corrosive destruction of the material driven piles due to constant contact with wet soil components. The proposed technical solutions, which are based on theoretical and experimental studies of the Department of teplogazosnabzhenie southwestern state University to ensure the maintenance of normalized operating life of driven piles in terms of destruction in the territory of the embankments, the novelty of which is protected by patents of the Russian Federation.

An important scientific and practical task is to increase the efficiency of designing technological processes for manufacturing parts of a complex form. The labour intensity of design work is connected with a wide variety of shapes and sizes of products created, the use of a wide range of structural materials and their combinations, presence on the machined surfaces of secondary holes of different sizes and locations, grooves, flats, recesses, and other elements that break the contour of the base surface of the workpiece and cause intermittence of the turning process. The purpose of this work is to use the complex part capabilities for the design of the group technology of machining. A complex part consisting of a complete set of all major and minor structural elements is an object artificially created for modeling the conditions of interrupted cutting of a sufficiently large group of similar complex parts of the Rotary body class. The condition of the part design causing intermittent cutting adversely affects the strength of the cutting element, due to possible brittle fracture in collision with the surface of the contour break of the base surface of the workpiece. To keep the operability of the active part of a cutting tool, a method is developed in which the initial meeting of the tip of the cutting element with the workpiece is replaced with a flat contact in the front surface area as far (distant) as possible from the brittle tip and cutting edges. Thus, the detection of elements of intermittences in the complex part and the conditions of shock-free turning of structurally complex surfaces of parts based on them allow us to determine the adjusted angles of the cutter by calculation and thereby minimize the negative factors of intermittent cutting that adversely affect the tool performance. The presence of objective information about rational conditions of shock-free turning allows us to make changes that improve the complex part machineability, unify the turning operation and use a specific technological process for any part of the group, excluding possible errors that could occur during usual design.

Currently, the conditions for admission to higher education in Russia can provide centralization of the procedure for competitive selection of applicants across the country to increase the transparency and openness of this process in relation to applicants, and to reduce the costs of universities for the organization of the admission campaign. The core of such centralization could be the federal information system for USE and admission, but at present there are no algorithms for competitive selection. The paper proposes a modification of the existing mathematical model for the organization of centralized competition for the enrollment to higher education institution in Russia, that is a multi criteria task of optimizing the criterion function of educational institutions of higher education (the higher education system as a whole), corresponding to the enrollment of applicants with the highest score according to the results of the entrance examination, ready to continue education , and the target functions of applicants, consisting in the enrollment to the most interesting (top priority) speciality or major training program. To rank applicants, a modification of the evaluation function is suggested, including a new term intended for the ordering of applicants with the same score based on the results of entrance examinations and evaluation of individual achievements. Also, a heuristic iterative algorithm for solving the formulated multicriteria optimization problem is provided based on the search for a solution for one university under condition of indicating a number of specialties and training program in the applicant’s application for admission. The speed of the algorithm is considered as logarithmic by means of a specially developed program. It is shown that the algorithm is applicable for calculating the competitive all-Russian situation in terms of execution time.

In the context of toughening of the requirements in the field of information security (the conditions of its safety) difficult-to-implement, the increasing number of external destabilizing factors (including the high level of false alarms), the increase of scopes and speed of information changes, and the drawbacks inherent to most databases, the probability of anomalies occurrence in the process of operation (acquisition, processing and storage) of relational databases is high. The article provides detailed description of the method for the construction a formal grammar executed by a SQL query of relational databases. This approach considers formal grammar under study from a mathematical point of view, as a model that defines a set of discrete objects in the form of description of the original objects and the rules for constructing new objects from the original and already created ones. Thus, a system of rules for further work is formed, represented in the form of a system of equations. The described method makes it possible to determine mathematical properties of the similarity invariants of the SQL query of relational databases intended for the collection, storage and analysis of statistical data, such as reference data of the operation of software and hardware, various statistical data about population, .production etc. The results of the testing of the demonstration prototype of the anomaly detection system, implemented on the basis of the proposed method, obtained in the course of the experimental implementation are presented in comparison with some existing and applied security systems. The solution proposed in the article is effective, simple and universal for the majority of currently used relational databases, In addition, it has a low cost of financial expenses in case of practical implementation.

An important place among the advantages of cutting tools for broaching, in addition to high efficiency, is held by the high resistance due to the structure in which the forming elements duplicate partially or completely. An important advantage of the broach tool is also its capacity for multiple re-sharpening, allowing recovering the parameters of cutting of a conventionally worn tool up to the characteristics of a new one, within the tolerances range. Due to these qualities, cases where the broach is used for years in plants especially in the case of a small-scale production, are quite common. In these circumstances, its intelligent maintenance, implying regular monitoring of tool condition, proper storage, timely re-sharpening is of great importance. Information support for tool operation with a long service life is impossible without the development and continuous implementation of special organizational methods, which is the most important task of the tool part and engineering technological services of the enterprise. This article describes the experience in the creation, development, practical use of the monitoring system, using the example of angular broaches. This system allowed systematization of all information on machined parts, planning measures for re-sharpening, predicting the remaining life of broaches, determine the economic effect obtained from the operation of each tool item. The introduction of monitoring has become a driving factor in the development of a series of measures for improvement of examination, storage and maintenance of the broach tools. In addition, the monitoring system provided valuable statistical material used for quality management purposes, timely provision of plants with broach tools. All of the above mentioned ultimately allowed us to obtain a significant economic effect, and statistical information became the basis for scientific research conducted at the enterprise.

The complexity of the technology of machining by cutting complex surfaces of parts heterogeneous in terms of physical and mechanical properties and different machinability, and, in particular, of metals (aluminum) and plastics (polyurethane and polyethylene), which form an assembly component, a section of the container-type countermine system is defined in the paper. The description of technological process operations of machining of a basic detail of an item, the body, is given. Features, the presence of which creates not only difficulties in the implementation of the technological process of manufacturing a base part, but is not permissible in the operation of a defense-purpose item are revealed. The article proposes design and technological solutions for the use of a new cutting tool design, capable to eliminate errors of creep feed drilling, avoid sticking of the material of the protective shell and casing on the active cutting part, exclude damage to the contact body and thereby ensure the specified performance of the item , Field tests of a container-type countermine system with basic parts manufactured using the new tool and technology have shown high efficiency of the decisions taken.

Recovering defective parts can significantly reduce the cost of repairing cars and improve the reliability of the restored parts. The experience of leading enterprises shows that restoration of defective parts using modern advanced technologies makes it possible to reduce significantly the downtime of equipment, increase the overhaul life, and reduce the consumption of spare parts. At present, one of the most promising methods for repairing defective parts of cars is gas-dynamic spraying. One of the problems of gas-dynamic spraying technology is its price and quality of powder materials used. One of the promising and industrially not widely used materials are powder materials obtained from current-conducting waste by electrospark dispergation [9]. However, these materials have not been used so far in technologies for car defective parts recovery by gas-dynamic spraying, including the heads of the cylinder block. The aim of this work was to study and compare the X-ray diffraction analysis of gas-dynamic coatings of the heads of cylinder blocks obtained by gas-dynamic spraying using standard powder material of grade A-20-11 and the experimental (electroespark) powder material. The process of restoration of working surfaces, defective heads of engine blocks ZMZ-406, by gas-dynamic spraying, as well as comparison of X-ray analysis of gas-dynamic coatings of cylinder heads obtained using an electrospark powder material and standard powder material of grade A-20-11 is presented. It has been experimentally established that the main phases of coatings using a standard powder material are Al, Zn, ZnO, Al₂O₃, and the main phases of coatings using an electrospark powder material are Al, Al (OH)₃, Al₂O₃. These powder materials can be used to restore a wide range of defective automotive parts.

In this paper, the projection-matrix form of the description of the dynamics of a direct and quadrature axes excitation (DQE) turbo generator as a controlled unit is considered. At present, projection-matrix methods for making laws of controlling complex systems are widely used. Complex systems can include electric power systems, aircraft control systems, and others. For example, the main properties of the DQE turbo generator are nonlinearity, multidimensionality, oscillability and dynamic coupling between the turbine and synchronous generator. This paper is devoted to the development of a projection-matrix model of a DQE turbogenerator, generator in which two mutually perpendicular excitation windings are located on the rotor. This allows us to obtain higher performance in terms of stability and controllability of the synchronous machine. Matrix operators of addition, integration, differentiation, multiplication by a known function are used in projection-matrix methods of analysis and synthesis of control systems. The operation of multiplying two processes is a nonlinear operation. To calculate the matrix operator of this transformation, one can use the replacement of a nonlinear element with an equivalent matrix operator. As a result, the created analysis and synthesis algorithms will contain additional iterative procedures. Therefore, the author proposes to calculate the matrix operator of multiplication of two processes in advance, and not in the process of the main procedure of further synthesis of the necessary controllers. The received form of the description of the DQE turbo generator allows to use it for the synthesis of control algorithms in deterministic, statistical, and robust formulation of problems by modern projection-matrix methods. The pre-calculated matrix operator of multiplication of two processes makes it possible to reduce the number of iterative processes in controller synthesis algorithms, which allows building more efficient computational algorithms in real time.

The process of creep feed grinding of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V with high porosity circles of silicon carbide of 64CF80H12V and 64CF100I12V characteristics produced by JSC "Volzhsky Abrasive Plant" is considered. The morphology and chemical composition of the surfaces obtained at a grinding speed of 20-30 m / s were examined with a double-beam electron microscope. Surface roughness control was performed using a modern profilograph, profilometer. The chemical composition and roughness of the machined surface were determined in 10 sections, uniformly distributed along the length of the workpiece. It was found out that abrasive tool characteristic does not influence the general character of the formation of the morphology of the titanium alloy surface. It was proved that, as a result of adhesion-cohesive interaction, concentration of silicon on the machined surface of the titanium alloy increases with increasing grinding speed The increase of the grinding speed by 1.5 ensures the increase in the average silicon concentration by 1.6-1.8 times. The change in the hardness of the grinding wheel does not significantly affect the transfer of the abrasive material to the titanium alloy. The influence of the grinding speed and tool hardness on the values of the arithmetic mean deviation of the profile Ra on the entire length of the workpiece, the stages of the constant length of the arc of the contact and the output was considered. It was found out that the values of Ra parameter at the stage of constant contact arc length are greater than at the output stage by 30-40% when machined with a wheel of 64CF80H12V and by 15-30%, respectively, when machined with a wheel of 64CF100I12V. The increase of the grinding speed from 20 m / s to 30 m / s has a significant effect on the roughness of the machined surface only at the output stage.

The current state of modeling regional social and economic systems cannot still be defined as an effective tool for developing regional policies in the Russian Federation. The article provides an algorithm for modeling a regional social and economic system for the needs of the information advisory system being developed. The authors determined the functional significance of the mathematical modeling block of the regional social and economic system in the developed information advisory system; its interaction with other components of the program is described.The authors developed an algorithm that proves feasibility of applying the specific mathematical function to describe trends in the development of indicators for the forecast of the social and economic development of the RF region in the information advisory system being developed.The generated algorithm provides for the possibility of using single- or multifactor regression to form a mathematical dependence. It is shown that the result of mathematical modeling in the advisory system is the formation of a list of indicators assigned to the executive state government bodies or subdivisions of the regional government for which the information advisory system forms an assessment of the values оf indicators for the near future. Using the principle of materiality, the program forms recommendations regarding the need for management impact on the analyzed indicators. The article using the example of the Bryansk region presents the experience of using multiple regression for modeling values of the sample indicator of the development of the regional social and economic system "Investments in fixed assets". As initial data, the departmental expenditure structure of the Bryansk region for the departments of economic development and construction and architecture for 2011-2019 was used. In the program module Statistica, the corresponding regression equations were formed, and then the model was evaluated for reliability. The results of regression analysis for the estimated indicator are also given. The article provides the conclusion stating that the use of multifactor correlation-regression analysis for modeling a regional social and economic system based on the Bryansk region data makes it possible to expand the capabilities of the information advisory system being developed.

The article deals with late losses of prestressing of reinforcement due to shrinkage and creep in fine reinforced concrete structures. Creep deformations can several times exceed the elastic straincaused by load. The most common in practice caseof the development of concrete creep is slowly decreased creeping with timewith a rather high initial rate of the development in the first hours after loading. It is typical for stresses that do not exceed the long-term resistance of concrete. Experimental study of deformation of shrinkage and creep of fine-grained concrete allows us to compare the loss of prestressing due to concrete shrinkage and creep. Usually there is an aggregate effect of these factors, which significantly complicates the study of the processes occurring in concrete during long-term exposures. Basically, the results obtained during testing of concrete prisms are used to compare stress-related properties of concrete, but this is not enough to study the loss of prestressing due to concrete shrinkage and creep and testing should be carried out on elements reinforced with prestressed reinforcement to take into account changes in prestresses and redistribution of stresses on the height of the cross section (depth) of the element with a prolonged action of the prestressing force. The results of experimental studies of rectangular reinforced concrete beams at loadcase of different ages of t = 14, 28, 280 and 320 days are analyzed. The losses from rapid creep, shrinkage losses, total losses from shrinkage and creep are considered. The experimental data are presented in the form of graphs and tables. There was performed comparison of the experimental data with the calculated ones determined according to the current standards, and for shrinkage according to the method proposed by I.I. Ulitsky as well.

One of the promising methods for obtaining powder from tungsten-containing waste, characterized by relatively low energy costs and ecological purity of the process, is the method of electrospark dispergation. To develop a technology for obtaining sintered products from electrospark powders produced using the method of spark plasma sintering, complex investigations of the composition, structure and properties of sintered materials are required. The purpose of this work was to perform X-ray analysis of sintered tungsten-containing items obtained by spark plasma sintering of electrospark powders. In the experiments on the production of tungsten-containing nanocomposite sintered products, composition of powders which is a mixture of powders obtained by electrospark dispergation of R6M5 steel waste, hard alloy VK8 in a ratio of 30% to 70% obtained in illuminating kerosene was used as powder material. The powders are consolidated by the method of spark plasma sintering using the system of spark plasma sintering SPS 25-10. The advantages of the technology of spark plasma sintering are: uniform distribution of heat over the sample; high density or controlled porosity; bonding materials are not required; uniform sintering of homogeneous and heterogeneous materials; short cycle time; the production of a part immediately in the final form and the obtaining of a profile close to the set one. The phase composition of the sample was studied by X-ray diffraction using a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer in Cu-Kα radiation (wavelength λ = 0.154178 nm) using Soller slits. Based on the performed X-ray diffraction analysis of the sample obtained by spark plasma sintering, it was found that the main phases of the sintered item are WC, WC₃, Co₃Fe₇, and C.

The work is devoted to topical problems of the civil theory of civil legal liability measures. The authors propose their classification of the measures of civil legal liability, give a brief description of some types of these measures, make reasoned proposals for further development of legislation in the field under studies. The authors of the proposed article refer compensation (recovery) of damages, recovery of penalties (fines, penalties), interests, loss of deposit, payment of deposit in double size, compensation to the measures of civil liability:. There are legitimate, contractual, preclusive, compensation-restorative, and punitive measures of civil legal liability. Civil legal liability measures can be differentiated into the following measures: a) delictual; b) contractual and c) conditional liability; taking into account the subjects of liability they can be classified into: a) measures of liability of individuals; b) measures of liability of legal entities; c) measures of liability of public legal entities, the state. The authors of the article assert that in civil legal there are compensatory payments for: 1) causing moral harm (see, for example, Articles 151, 1099 - 1101 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); ) diminishing business reputation of legal entities (Article 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); 3) violation of the property rights of consumers (Article 145 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights); 4) violation of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity, means of individualization (Article 1252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); 5) causing anthropogenic, natural or terrorist harm; 6) infliction of damage by lawful actions of state and municipal bodies (Article 6.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); 7) violation of reasonable time limits for judicial proceedings and enforcement of judicial acts. Professor Yu. .N. Andreev and post-graduate student A.P. Zolotarev also refer measures of corporate liability of the members of the corporation to the corporate organization, and, conversely, liability of the corporations to its members to civil legal measures of liability. At the same time, many measures of civil legal liability are simultaneously measures of civil protection. The authors of the article suggest renaming the ‘compensation of damages’ as a way of protecting civil rights, stipulated in Article 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, to ‘recover damages’ or ‘compensation for property damage’, clarify Article 15 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation indicating that compensation for damages is applied with a view to recovering property damage for tortious destruction, damage, diminution, restriction of material benefits, non-performance (improper performance) of contractual obligations, non-compliance with unjust enrichment obligation.

The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as a revolution in the development of Russian statehood. The main purpose of the article is to reflect on the historical parallels of a revolution, regular shifts in the resultant political changes in the country, and the transformation of Russia’s role in the world arena. So it happened, but the statehood of Russia was built on revolutions and coups. From a historical point of view, the revolutionary actions of 1917, which brought about the collapse of Russian capitalism, are a result of the domestic political situation in Russia in those years. Such a radical transformation as a revolution is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and at the same time rapid reorientation of the entire course of the country and, hence, the predetermination of its future for the years to come. The social strata, and sometimes even whole estates, which to some extent did not suit the state of affairs within the country has always been the driving force of the revolution. The spirit of rebelliousness and emotional upheaval for his Fatherland in the years of hardships has always been in the nature of a Russian person. Any state like a structure has a critical safety margin. Russia with its rich heritage and diverse internal political currents will always be at risk of a revolution. Careful attention should be paid to the obsolescence of state structures, which, in view of their strategic importance, must be preserved. It is necessary not only to preserve the unshakable, but also to improve from considerations of temporary changes the institutions of social assistance, electivity, democracy, family values, freedom of opinions, personal inviolability, etc.

Russia's accession to the Council of Europe and the signing of relevant international agreements contributed to the development of regulations on the rights of a child and branching juvenile law in the Russian legal system. Meanwhile, it should be pointed out that processes of legal regulation in the field of the formation of the legislative basis of juvenile law are in some way incomplete, which is the result of the imperfection of the existing legal acts affecting the rights and interests of minors. The issue of the expediency of creating juvenile justice in Russia is being discussed for a long time in the legal papers and at the legislative level. The provision on the formation of juvenile justice was included in the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform in the Russian Federation. Later, different authors worked out several draft Laws on Juvenile Justice. At parliamentary hearings in the State Duma, the prospects of creating juvenile courts in the system of courts of general jurisdiction were considered. Meanwhile, such close attention to the indicated problem does not have a significant impact on the increasing child and adolescent crime in the country. The plurality of the above-mentioned legal problems and their multifaceted nature necessitate improvement of justice in relation to minors. This raises a number of theoretical, legal, practical and ethical issues that require studying and adopting relevant decisions at the legislative level. Therefore, studies that allow analyzing the current Russian criminal procedure legislation from the point of view of the possibility of functioning of juvenile justice on its basis relying on international legal standards are really urgent. The criminal procedure legislation in the Russian Federation as a whole is focused on continuous improvement in the context of ensuring the maximum number of procedural guarantees of the legality of criminal proceedings, as well as observance of human rights with the application of their minimum restrictions, including in relation to such category of persons involved in criminal proceedings as minors. In this article, the authors consider the institution of juvenile justice as an additional guarantee of securing the rights of minors in criminal proceedings in Russia, propose the ways to address current and debatable aspects of this problem. The paper analyzes the current criminal procedural legislation, decisions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as well as the judgements of the courts in specific cases concerning the problems of the study. In the study of individual topics of the issue, scientific literature as well as statistical data have been used. The conclusions and proposals made in the work are aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice, and can also be used in the educational process.

This article considers one of the topical issues of the development of legislation on consumer rights protection in the European Union countries in connection with Great Britain’s withdrawal from EU. European legislation on the protection of consumer rights has a number of features since all participants at the very beginning of the EU’s existence pledged to share responsibility for enacting legislation that protects consumer rights. The authors dwell on the problems of consumer rights protection in the UK, the consolidation of the legislation on consumer rights protection, and the models for building relations between the UK and EU: British membership in the European Economic Area (EEA); relations only within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO); cooperation, built on individual terms. In the study, the authors used analytical and formal-legal methods, the method of abstraction which made it possible to formulate conclusions on the conducted research. The authors come to the conclusion that there are strong relations between the rules of the Institute for the Protection of Consumer Rights of Great Britain and the legislation of the EU, so no major changes are currently expected. The Law "On the Rights of Consumers" not only introduced colossal changes in the national English legislation, but also summarized various aspects of consumer legislation in one legislative act. Such consolidation of consumer law in the UK has proved to be one of the most complex and promising legislative acts within the EU. Currently, it is difficult to predict the consequences of the UK’s exit from the EU for consumers and business, not knowing the scenario of the development of transitional or future relations with the EU. Undoubtedly, the next two years of the transition period will be difficult, since the decisions will be made by 27 EU countries without the participation of Great Britain.

This article considers the history of the creation and legal status of USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, a specialized body established to ensure legal protection of the Constitution of the USSR. It is noted that the formation of this institution should be viewed with respect to the tasks set in the Soviet state in the late 1980s and early 1990s: democratization of state administration, overcoming separatist tendencies, implementation of radical economic reform, and formation of a socialist legal state. In the study, the author used analytical, formal-legal methods, the method of abstraction, which allowed formulating main conclusions. Analyzing the legal status of the USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, the author comes to the conclusion that its powers were of a limited nature: in the conditions of denying the principle of separation of powers, they did not dispute the supremacy of USSR Congress of People’s Deputies in the system of state power bodies. In those years, the activities of the Committee were considered not so much as jurisdictional, but as political and legal. The article categorizes the powers of the USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, some of which were of control nature, but most of them were of supervisory or expert-consultative nature. Investigating the practice of the the USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, the author concludes that the legal positions contained in its decisions significantly influenced the further development of domestic legislation and constitutional justice in Russia.

Currently, informatization support of technological processes and production is a tool that allows improving the set of metrics and performance indicators for the implementation of all groups of business processes. The choice of the approach for the assessment of the advantages of the software spectrum offered on the market plays an important role in the decision-making concerning implementation of the necessary software product. Investments in project solutions for enterprise business processes automation will have a low return in case of selecting commercially inefffective automated platform. Positive economic effects can also be destroyed due to high resource consumption and a long-term payback period. Therefore, in order to make a decision concerning integration system, it is important to select the correct assessment methodology, which would take into account all the main aspects of the reengineering object domain. This work is devoted to the approach to analyzing the segment of systems that have a multifunctional nature, in particular, which make it possible to simultaneously automate the service of providing the flows of documents and customer relationship management (CRM), which, as a rule, are interrelated and complementary. There is a need for such software products for business entities operating in the services sector, including those engaged in commercial certification activities. The difficulty in analyzing this segment of activities is caused by the fact that the Russian market of information and communication technologies offers the systems of modular configuration that are delivered separately, without full functional capabilities. Nevertheless, the proposed technique gives the possibility to make a correct decision on the existence of the class of systems corresponding to certain requirements or, in case of its absence, to consider the option of developing software from scratch.

To determine the possible directions of Russian modernization, the most well-known approaches to the problem are identified, the analysis of which, as well as the accumulated experience of reforms in Russia and abroad indicates that the success of modernization is associated with the development of a strategy based on the support of the society of regulatory actions by the country's leadership and agreement to the mobilization of available resources. Criticism of the modern theory of modernization is aimed at changing the purely economic approach in the direction of taking into account the specific features of social development, as well as the need to ensure the modernization of institutional changes. Modernization tools are reproduction of proven innovations and use of advanced technologies, non-standard approaches of process participants and increase their number, stimulation and expansion of investment of modernization projects. Previously used methods of transformation, based on ideological attitudes, appear to be unproductive, at present, it is necessary to be guided by the results of the long-term scientific forecast of Russia's development priorities, the existing life experience of the population and realistic goals of economic development within the framework of the emerging world order. As the points of innovative growth of the Russian economy identified industry, which in terms of global competition and the international division of labor can be considered a priority in the long term: extraction and processing of hydrocarbons and other minerals, metal-intensive engineering and chemical production, agro-industrial complex, military-industrial complex and technologically related innovative civil sectors of nuclear energy, aerospace, electronic information, medical and biotechnological. It is noted that the success of modernization is associated with structural reforms of public administration, the judicial system and the formation of demand both within the country and outside the human capital that meets the requirements of innovative development.

The article reveals insights into the function of information and analytical support in the activities of the Administration of the city of Kursk. It ensures the timely and uninterrupted flow of information both from the environment to the organization and from the organization to the environment as well as information support for the managerial activities of the system, its subordinate structural units incorporated in the organization. In the absence of this function, the goal-setting and implementation of the objectives of the management system becomes impossible. This function execution in local self-government bodies has specific features, in particular, there is a problem of information exchange between the population and local authorities. In order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to organize work with citizens' appeals in accordance with the administrative regulations. Citizens’ appeals are an important part of the office work of any municipal institution. Citizens’ appeals with proposals, applications, and complaints to municipal bodies are an important means of exercising and protecting the rights of a person, strengthening the ties of a municipal body with the population, an essential source of information necessary for solving current and future problems of state, economic and socio-cultural construction. Being one of the forms of citizens' participation in the process of management, appeals contribute to strengthening people's control over the activities of municipal authorities, combating red-tape, bureaucracy and other shortcomings in their work.

In modern macroeconomic conditions, the mechanism of public procurement and commodity interventions is not an effective enough tool to regulate the grain market. The subject of the research is the state policy in the field of development of agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals to improve the mechanisms of regulation of the grain market. The object of the research is the directions and mechanisms of agrarian policy of modern Russia. The work pays special attention to the analysis of the main shortcomings of the current regulatory mechanism of the domestic grain market, as well as offers a completely new alternative models to maintain the profitability of agricultural producers. It is shown that the commercial organizations involved in interventions are forced to accept price risks caused by state regulation of the market, but incompatible with their statutory goals. The study uses theoretical and empirical methods, in particular: literature review, logical, statistical and expert assessments, methods of collecting empirical data, system analysis, description and processing of the research results. The main results of the study are the following provisions. The authors propose the use of alternative models to maintain the level of income of agricultural producers in order to reduce the cost of the Federal budget and improve the efficiency of this mechanism, given the current conditions of the agro-industrial complex, in the framework of which an effective Institute can be created that regulates the grain market on the principles of public - private partnership-grain commodity and credit Corporation. Realizing functions on acceptance on storage and purchase of grain, commodity and credit Corporation will receive privileges from the state. At the same time, the removal of surplus grain in the subjects of the Russian Federation, not exporting it, by improving the competitiveness of these products through subsidies transportation tariffs will help to stabilize grain prices in the domestic market and will be the basis for the expansion of exports.

The study aims to analyze the processes of international integration of energy markets, systematize the measures for regulatory activities in modern geopolitical conditions. The study was carried out in the course of fulfilling the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No 26.3546.2017 / PCh “Development of the Fundamentals of Analysing and Forecasting Structural and Dynamic Parameters of the Regional Economy on the Basis of Integration of Russian and World Experience of Managing Territorial Development and Modern Scientific Doctrines”. Goal and Objectives. To assess the state of the energy markets and the direction of integration processes in the energy markets, to systematize the legal foundations of energy integration in the Eurasian space, to formulate the main stages and approaches to the formation of a common gas market, to consider Armenia's experience and prospects in integration processes. Methodology. The methods of statistical, logical and system analysis are used in the work to estimate the consequences of energy integration for the EEA countries. Based on the analysis of the empirical data on the energy balances of the countries and the forecast gas balance of the Eurasian Economic Union, the directions for improving energy security are substantiated. Results.The modern world is becoming increasingly globalized and interdependent. This, along with the aggravation of political and economic rivalry associated with the gradual ‘erosion’ of the model of a unipolar world order, creates new risks for the sustainable socio-economic development of individual countries. International economic integration which allows to join the economic potentials of individual countries and, on this basis, increase their protection against risks and threats in various spheres is an instrument of neutralizing these risks. The article considers the mechanisms of mutual influence of integration processes and ensuring national energy security with the main emphasis on the formation and development of the gas market of integration groups. The article analyzes the experience of the EU and the EEU in creating uniform rules for the regulation of energy and gas markets, identifies typical problems and ways to resolve them. Measures that contribute to increasing the speed and intensity of integration processes, based on taking into account national economic interests are proposed. Conclusions. At present, effective provision of energy security for states can not be carried out outside the framework of integration processes. Cooperation within the framework of supranational integration projects form additional conditions for the development of national energy systems and increase the level of its competitiveness. At the same time, ‘gains’ from energy integration for different countries are not equivalent.