Purpose of research. Improving the finishing performance of coarse-grained gear wheels on software-controlled machines.

Methods.  The method of discrete copying, the theory of designing cutting tools, methods of mathematical and computer programming.

Results. It is an urgent task to improve the performance of fine milling of coarse-grained gear wheels by using the capabilities of modern software-controlled equipment. Here we consider the issues of improving the finishing performance of coarse-grained gear wheels on software-controlled machines of hyperboloid mills equipped with interchangeable polyhedral plates (IPP) with a straight cutting edge located at an angle λ to the instrument axis of rotation. It is proposed a method for controlling the accuracy of shaping surfaces, generatrix of which forms a section (set of sections) of convex curves by installing a cutting tool relative to the evolvent profile (fourth axis of the machine) and relative to the feed direction (fifth axis of the machine). The authors have developed a discrete copying method with a set of hyperboloid cutters of tooth surface of coarse-grained gear wheels. It allows us to ensure the 6th degree of accuracy in the parameter of the tooth profile error.

Conclusion. The results of the study improve the finishing performance treatment of the teeth of coarse-grained gear wheels on software-controlled machines by reducing the number of passes required for machining one side of the tooth in comparison with the methods of continuous rolling and high-speed end milling. The proposed designs of cutting tools have sufficient versatility to handle a wide range of coarse-grained gear wheels, which is important in the repair and small-scale production.

Perpose of research was to study the properties of powder materials obtained from aluminum and titanium waste by the method of electroerosion dispersion for the development of electrodes suitable for welding and surfacing of parts from aluminum and titanium alloys.

Methods. To obtain an aluminum powder material by electroerosion dispersion method, an aluminum wire GOST 14838-78 was used, pre-cut to 5-7 cm. the Wire was loaded into a reactor filled with a working liquid – distilled. The process was carried out at the following electrical parameters: discharge capacitor capacity 65 UF, voltage 100 V, pulse frequency 100 Hz. To obtain a titanium powder material by electroerosion dispersion method, shavings of VT6 grade were used. The chips were loaded into a reactor filled with a working liquid – distilled water. The process is carried out at the following electrical parameters: capacity of the bit capacitors 65 µf, a voltage of 150 V, pulse frequency of 250 Hz. The result of the local effects of intermittent electrical discharges between the electrodes was the destruction of the material with the formation of dispersed particles of powder. In order to study the shape and morphology of powder material particles obtained by electroerosion dispersion from aluminum waste, images were taken on a raster (scanning) electron microscope QUANTA 600 FEG. The study of granulometric composition of powder materials obtained by the method of electroerosion dispersion of aluminum and titanium waste was carried out on a laser analyzer particle size Analysette 22 NanoTec.

Results. It is established that the most promising and not industrially used materials for the production of electrodes used in welding and surfacing of parts are powder materials obtained by electroerosion dispersion. It is experimentally established that the powder materials obtained by electroerosive dispersion of aluminum and titanium wastes consist of spherical and elliptical particles. The results of the study of the elemental composition of powder materials obtained by electroerosive dispersion of aluminum and titanium waste, it is shown that the main elements of the powders produced and aluminum waste are aluminum and oxygen, and the main elements of the powders produced and shavings of the VT6 BRAND are Ti, Al, O, V, Fe, W and K. Studies of the particle size distribution of powder materials obtained by electroerosion dispersion showed that the average particle size of powders obtained from aluminum waste is 19.08 microns, and the average particle size of powders obtained from titanium waste is 33.12 microns. It is established that the most promising method for the production of electrodes used for welding and surfacing of parts from aluminum and titanium alloys is the method of spark plasma sintering.

Conclusion. The obtained results can be used to create resource-saving processes for processing metal alloys and composite materials.

Purpose of reseach. This article is devoted to overcoming ladder flight by the jumping robot when moving up. At the same time it is important to make jumps with such length and height which allows overcoming an obstacle with minimum energy and time spent. So it is necessary to determine an optimal variant of jumps implementation for overcoming ladder flight by two specified criteria.

Methods. Numerical methods of modeling in specially developed program complex are used to study movement of the robot. Hit theory is used to describe device contact interaction with flight's steps. Methods of multimass system dynamics is used for dispersal and flight modeling.

Results. Numerical modeling of device's movement at jumps series on ladder flight is done. Energy and time dependences spent for overcoming flights are received. Optimizing charts are also constructed. These charts allow to group options of jumps series from I to VII zones in the process of removal from optimum zone I. It is also stated that optimal variant is at which one jump is carried out on the greatest possible number of steps irrespectively from number of jumps. It is also stated that there is a jump on one step during the other jumps.

Conclusion. The study results can be applied at the development of jumping robot's movement system. It helps the device to realize overcoming ladder flights optimum from the point of view of spent energy and time.

Purpose of research. The article describes application of various calculation methods of intense deformed condition of welded shell of hydraulic shock-absorbe. The purpose of the study is to find optimum calculation methods of the intense deformed state of welded structures working under pressure, providing a possibility of structure rational design at minimum material expenses with the given durability safety factor.

Methods. There are no reliable calculation methods reflecting operations of welded structures under excessive pressure. Calculation on durability of welded structures by resistance method has a number of assumptions especially for the constructions operating under excessive pressure. The assumptions are 1. hypothesis of flat sections; 2. hypothesis of monoaxial tension; 3. hypothesis of linear heating sources and limit thermal state; 4. restrictions on metal properties; 5. conditional dependence of fluidity limit on temperature. It is possible to use SolidWorks (SolidWorksSimulation application) for stress and deformation analysis in weld joints, the UGSNX program (NXNastran application), the KOMPAS-3D program (APMFEM application).

Results. Calculations by material resistance method in accordance with State Standard 14249-89 differ from calculation results in finite element methods. There is tension increase difference in calculations by finite element methods and by resistance materials method at pressure increase in the shell of hydraulic shock-absorber. The difference is nearly 50% with an internal pressure more than 11 MPas. This fact has to be considered at design of similar structures.

Conclusion. The use of various calculation methods of intense - deformation state of welded shell allows to design a product at minimum material expenses with the set durability safety factor [1].

Purpose of research. Condition analysis of block of flats after full repairs.

Methods. Inspection of buildings and constructions is an important part of the construction industry allowing analyzing and revealing defects and damages of building constructions, both by visual and tool methods. The comparative analysis of project documentation and research materials of last years allows revealing condition dynamics of constructions and of low-quality work of contract organizations at various production stages.

Results. The revealed discrepancies during the inspection of block of flats in Kursk city are described. The first one is requirements' neglect of the existing normative documentation to heat technical characteristics of walling. Violations of silicate brick walls' plastering technology are also revealed. The other negative factor is violation of fire safety regulations due to the poor quality of materials used in roof repair and decrease in wood quality in comparison with the design project.  At the same time it is determined that strengthening offered by the results of the previous inspections was not applied during full repairs.

Conclusion. It is necessary to pay much attention to each house, its features and damages during full repair.  At the same time project documentation has to be complied with modern norms and rules. Materials and order of works have to meet requirements of project documentation. When carrying out small repairs it is necessary to make work acceptance after each completed construction stage to reduce emergence risk.

Purpose of research.  Propose an analytical method for determining the stress intensity factor for the second form of fracture in a beam with a crack. It will be possible to take into account the influence of cracks and crack-like damage found in beams during surveys using the solution obtained, in the presence of an experimental base of values of the critical stress intensity factors.

Methods. It is proposed a method for calculating the stress intensity factor for the second form of fracture (transverse shear) in the beams using the analytical method known in the resistance of materials and structural mechanics of the section method. To do this, equilibrium conditions are created for mentally cut parts of a bent element using the hypotheses of the distribution of normal and tangential stresses along transverse and longitudinal sections. This method of calculation can be applied in assessing the carrying capacity of wooden beams that have operational damage, such as laminations of adhesive joints and trimmed and force cracks.

Results. Using the proposed technique, we have estimated the critical size of a through-going that does not reach the end of a wooden beam under short-term loading. The experimental data obtained by the author are taken as the initial data for the calculation.

Conclusion. For the practical application of this technique, on the basis of experimental data, the values of the calibration coefficients should be selected that match the theoretical solution with the experimental data best of all. In addition, in a further experimental study, it is necessary to obtain and refine the dependencies of the critical stress intensity factor on operational factors: loading duration, wood moisture, cross-sectional dimensions, crack position, crack depth ratio and total cross-sectional width of elements.

Purpose of research. Culture – a set of the best achievements of man, which contribute to his spiritual growth and transformation. Today, special attention is paid to this sphere of people's life: projects are being implemented to develop modern forms and preserve those already created. Russia – a country with a rich history and is very rich in outstanding people, so the real estate cultural heritage is very diverse. This study is devoted to the preservation and possible use of real estate, which are of cultural importance.

Methods. On the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the documentation provided by local governments, and also statistical this analysis of a situation on development of such type of activity as development of objects of cultural heritage is carried out.

Results. The sequence of activities included in this activity is considered, special attention is paid to the mechanism of interaction between the state and private organizations, by attracting their resources for the implementation of projects in this area. Also in this paper, the analysis of the level of PPP on the example of the Kursk region and made the necessary conclusions on this problem.

Conclusion. It was found that the main approach for the development of such interaction is the creation of new improved forms of partnership implementation and promotion, and in some regions even the creation of regional support strategies.

Purpose of research. The research described in this article is conducted within the Salebot.pro project (on the https://salebot.pro resource) and aimed at development of simple and effective realization of a dialog system.

Methods. The research plan provided the analysis of various methods of natural processing languages and machine learning languages. Implementation of these methods was taken from popular libraries with an open source code. The model of a dialog system was made in two options: on the basis of Spacy freymvork and metric assessment algorithm, on the basis of Levenstein's distance. Simplicity of implementation and costs on training of a system and personnel were compared.

Results. The algorithms described in article compare the most similar words from two texts and count average percent of coincidence. Such approach provides a possibility of acceptable work in languages with free word order. Russian is one such languages. The executed research allowed developing an automated training algorithm of dialog systems in real time without context loss. On the same basis training algorithm of a dialog system in dialog history is developed. It is offered to use these algorithms together. It is originally necessary to train it at history of dialogues during creation of a dialogue system. And then it is necessary to train it permanently in real time.

Conclusion. The advantage of the developed algorithm is ease in implementation and low cost of infrastructure which is necessary for model training and its service and also operation simplicity. Approach which differs from training with the teacher allows accelerating training process and input of new data into the system. Specific feature of the developed algorithms is ignoring of text semantics that makes training automated but not automatic.

Рurpose of research is to develop a multithread processing system based on an encryption algorithm using cellular automata and to study statistical performance indicators depending on the hardware components and the size of the input block, and to develop recommendations for improving the cryptostrength of the method.

Methods. A mathematical model of the encryption method using a floating window based on cellular automata was considered [3]. To study the speed of confidential data processing, there was developed a variant of the organization of the structure of the software module with an extended block of setting parameters that determine the dimension of the matrix, the line of activation of the bit neighborhood of the processed elements, the number of parallel computations (threads) and the rule of expansion of the boundary elements of the matrix. A method for the development of the dependence curve of the processing time and inital parameters that can be applied both to process individual files and continuous network subscriber data flow, is proposed.

Results. The cryptographic module implementing the encryption method on the basis of cellular automata, which specific feature is a multithread mode of operation and dynamic control of the block of initial parameters, was developed. Recommendations for setting the neighborhood of the active elements of the matrix and the number of threads taking into account the architecture of the CPU were formulated. Experimental studies were conducted to confirm the completeness and correctness of the proposed solutions. The expediency of using high-speed hard disk drives and saving the results of encryption in asynchronous segmented mode with working thread-bind results was revealed.

Conclusion. The proposed version of the organization of the confidential data processing system in the form of a software module, taking into account the features of the hardware, allows optimization of the processing speed, and the compliance with the recommendations for the expansion of the neighborhood in the block transformation can improve the cryptographic algorithm based on cellular automata with a floating window.

Purpose of research is to study approaches to the depth map generation for deep neural networks testing and learning. The problem of obtaining information about the distance from the camera to the scenery object using a 2D image by means of deep neural networks without applying a stereocamera is considered.

Methods. Generation of 3D scenery for training and assessment of the neural network was carried out using the 3D-computer graphics application Blender. The standard deviation (RMS) was used to estimate the accuracy of learning. Machine learning was implemented using the Keras library and optimization was implemented using the AdaGrad approach.

Results. The architecture of a deep neural network which receives three sequences of 2D images from the 3D scenery video stream in the input and outputs the predicted depth map for the considered 3D scenery, is provided. The method for creating training data sets containing information about the depth of the map using Blender software is described. The problem of overtraining involving the fact that the created models work using specially generated data sets but still can not predict the correct depth map for random images is studied. The results of the testing actual methods for depth maps creation using deep neural networks are presented.

Conclusion. The main problem of the proposed method is overtraining which can be expressed in predicting a certain average value for different images or predicting the same output for different inputs. To solve this problem, we can use already trained networks or training and variation samples containing 2D images of different sceneries.

Purpose of research. Methods and algorithms for automatic acquisition and improvement of digital image quality in controllers for labeling systems and image processing and recognition systems are the objects of the article. The purpose of the study is to develop new methods to improve quality and image processing for optoelectronic devices and vision systems. The topicality of the scientific and technical task to expand the functionality and improve the quality of computing devices in control systems and quality control of objects labeling is mentioned; in particular, the need to extract the image of the label in order to determine defects of the quality of labeling is highlighted. Distortion was chosen as the main adjustable feature of the obtained images.

Methods. The main approaches used in the determination and correction of distortion are considered; their shortcomings are revealed; the analysis of the main methods described in the literature is carried out. The paper used the framework of analytical geometry, pattern recognition theory, methods for processing and analysis of bitmap images.

Results. A method for image processing to improve image quality, software for detecting and processing images of labels and documents were developed. A variant of determining the radial distortion in case of the shift of the observation in different directions is proposed. The modeling of the developed method by means of the specially created software is performed. The experimental studies of the developed software were carried out. Their results are provided, and advantages and disadvantages are highlighted.

Conclusion. The developed method can be used in image acquisition and processing devices operating in automatic mode and applied in vision and labeling quality control systems.

Purpose of research is to study building a commercial bank project portfolio based on the game theory. The existing algorithms and models for the formation of a commercial bank project portfolio impose certain restrictions on the initial conditions, and do not take into account the differentiation of selection criteria depending on specific types of bank projects, therefore it is necessary to develop a model that takes into account the specifics of the banking business and makes it possible to find the required solutions.

Methods. A method for building a model based on the game theory allows us to determine the structure and system relationships between the components of the project portfolio and their characteristics. The article presents a formalized description of the commercial bank project portfolio model in the form of a cooperative game with a transferable utility. A detailed description of the search for the optimal distribution in the cooperative game is given. The Shapley axioms are laid down reflecting the fairness of the sharing based on the contribution of each player to the winning coalition regarding the project portfolio model.

Results. The specific features of building a model of a projects portfolio, including multicriteriality and the relationship between individual bank projects and the synergetic effect of their joint implementation are revealed. In general, the task of building a project portfolio of a commercial bank is to maximize the expected total effect of the project portfolio implementation. The total of all portfolio projects should provide the greatest efficiency. The article describes the implementation of the proposed model of commercial bank project portfolio building through the example of real bank projects. As a result of calculations, the optimal solution of the cooperative game which is a sequence according to which bank projects will be included in a portfolio was obtained.

Conclusion. Thus, the developed and implemented in the article model of formation of a commercial bank project portfolio using the game theory allows taking into account the relationship between bank projects, the synergetic effect of their joint implementation and finding the optimal solution in terms of risk and uncertainty.

Purpose of research. The purpose of this article is to consider the main features of the application of current and voltage transducers determining the electrical network unbalance factor. Also, an important issue is the value of measuring instruments inaccuracy, at which there is no impact on the unbalance factor determining.

Methods. The article describes classifications of main current and voltage transducers. An example of the implementation of one of the voltage transducer and analog-to-digital converter variants is shown. The essence of the process of balancing is explained, various unbalance factors are considered, explanatory formulae are provided. The main requirements for current and voltage measurement circuits and for computational signal processing are mentioned. In particular, such important points as determining the phase angle, determining the network parameters and consideration of the influence of measurement errors on the determination of the unbalance factor are studied. The issur of determining the phase angle is considered and the need for its determination is indicated. It is explained that when determining the network parameters, high precision of measurement is required.

Results. The impact of the instrumental error of measurements on the determination of the unbalance factor is considered, and instruments rating below which an error may occur while finding the unbalance factor is determined. When determining the instrument rating at which an unacceptable error occurs, a probabilistic model of power distribution of a three-phase network is mentioned; a graphical description of this model is given. Determining the sets of unbalance factors before balancing, after balancing and after balancing taking into account the error, is provided. It is mentioned that in determining these sets, weights are used as increasing and decreasing factors for the terms included in the set. The factor showing the percentage of the decrease of unbalance changes due to the effect of the error is introduced. The dependence of this factor on the measurement error is considered.

Conclusion. A conclusion on the value of the error which does not impact the determination of the unbalance factor is provided.