Purpose of reseach was a comprehensive study of the nature of wear of rubbing surfaces.
Methods. The wear of parts is accompanied by complex physico-chemical phenomena. The wear rate depends on the material and quality of the rubbing surfaces, the nature of the contact and the speed of their mutual movement, the type and value of the load, the type of friction and lubrication, the quality of the lubricant, the presence of a third body between the contacting surfaces and many other factors. If we proceed from the definition of wear according to GOST, the key cause of wear is the destruction of the crystal lattice of a solid, due to the loss of its strength, into fragments (blocks or particles) of a certain dimension with their subsequent removal from the contact zone of tribosurfaces. However, the detailed mechanism of material separation from the friction surface is far from clear and has not been worked out from the standpoint of classical materials science. An approach to the representation of the nature of friction and wear is proposed. The crystal lattice of any metal, and even more so of an alloy, is an anisotropic medium and this anisotropy is significantly enhanced on the scale of the crystal structure of the alloy, since the orientation of the crystal structure inside each grain is multidirectional. Consequently, the stress-strain state of the structure in the surface layer of tribo-tension must be evaluated from the standpoint of the anisotropy of the medium.
Results. To assess the impact on the wear processes, the following factors were investigated: load-speed; physical and mechanical; structural; thermophysical. An original technique for determining the intensity of wear has been developed, which makes it possible to evaluate and predict the durability of a particular friction unit. Comparison with the experiment showed satisfactory convergence in this range of changes in factors affecting the wear process.
Conclusion. The nature of wear consists in the presence of stresses in the materials of the contacting surfaces, which tend to get rid of them by dispersing individual particles of different dimensions, approaching the minimum of entropy production.

Purpose of research. The aim of the study is to identify vortex formation zones in the modified corrugated channel of a plate heat exchanger using computer modeling to increase the intensification of the heat exchange process.
Methods. Plate heat exchangers have a compact design, which significantly saves space on production areas and facilitates the installation and dismantling of equipment. In accordance with the purpose of this work, we solved the problem of creating artificial turbulence of the flow to increase the thermal characteristics.
To implement this task, plates have been developed that have a special geometry that creates a turbulent fluid flow in the channels between the plates and increases the heat transfer coefficient. This makes it possible to achieve higher heat exchange efficiency with the same exchange area, which reduces equipment and operating costs.
Results. The result of this work is the implementation of a computer model of a modified corrugated channel for visual assessment of the impact of artificially created turbulators on the degree of vortex formation.
Conclusion. The introduction of plates, the main heat exchange part of which contains spherical technological wells, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the heat exchange process by increasing the heat transfer coefficient. In addition, an increase in the heat transfer coefficient will help reduce the metal consumption and the cost of heat exchange equipment.

Purpose of research: formation of a bank of models for the implementation of simulation experiments to assess and predict the values of greenhouse gas concentrations in the surface layer of the territory's atmosphere based on artificial neural networks and GIS technologies. The influence of the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the surface layer of the atmosphere on the growth and development of agricultural plants, namely on the change in photosynthetic activity, the level of mineralization of the humus layer of the soil, which affects crop yields, is considered. The peculiarities of agricultural production determine the relevance of the creation and implementation of a new intelligent technology that will provide the opportunity to identify optimal parameters of crop production.
Methods. The formation of a training sample for a neural network was carried out through numerical experiments and mathematical modeling methods. To select the best neural network topology for predicting the concentration of greenhouse gases in the territory under consideration, experiments were conducted that revealed the standard deviation and relative error. To assess the predictive abilities of the models, field experiments were conducted to measure CO2 concentrations in the surface layer of the atmosphere in the agricultural territories of the Belgorod region.
Results. A software toolkit has been developed that makes it possible to visualize the dispersion and accumulation of greenhouse gases in the surface layer of the atmosphere. This makes it possible to conduct simulation experiments necessary to determine the territories that are under the influence of man-made sources. An assessment of the photosynthetic activity of plants in the selected territory was carried out, which allows us to form further recommendations for the effective use of agricultural territory aimed at increasing crop yields.
Conclusion. The paradigms of neural networks were considered, experiments were conducted to identify the best topology. A software toolkit has been developed to visualize the dispersion and accumulation of greenhouse gases in the surface layer of the atmosphere for decision makers. The effects of technogenic factors on the photosynthetic apparatus of agricultural plants are analyzed, on the basis of which conclusions and practical recommendations for the cultivation of agricultural crops are formulated.

Purpose of research. When designing new and modernizing existing control systems for the polymer drawing process, an important role is played by solving the problems of creating mathematical or simulation models and synthesizing control algorithms that reduce the share of manual labor. The article provides an overview of approaches to the development and modeling of automated control systems for extrusion production lines for the production of polymer products. The possibility of developing and modeling a multidimensional control system for the process of stretching foamed polystyrene based on the Matlab mathematical analysis package is considered. The relevance of the research topic is related to the trend of growth in the consumption market and the implementation of management in the context of creating more complex forms of packaging from polymers.
Methods. For the development of the control system and its analysis, the fundamentals of the theory of multidimensional systems in control problems, the theory of plastics processing, methods of computer simulation of control systems were applied.
Results. The article presents an algorithm for controlling the molding process and its implementation in the Simulink environment. Graphs of changes in the pulling speed and winding speed, changes in the thickness and tension of the web over time are presented and analyzed. A scheme of process line automation based on the developed algorithm is presented.
Conclusion. The results of testing the model show that the use of mathematical modeling of the control system for stretching the expanded polystyrene web is possible to solve the problem of increasing production efficiency on existing equipment, which will bring their characteristics closer to new production lines, leaving the mechanical part unchanged. The significance of the work is due to the fact that the use of modern control systems can improve the quality of manufactured products, reduce the consumption of raw materials. Materials and research methods can be applied in the development of projects for other installations, for example, in the production of an optical sheet.

Purpose of research. The article examines the features of the synthesis of specialized devices that control the integrity and authenticity of individual information blocks based on CBC codes. Approaches aimed at reducing computational and resource costs when performing such procedures are considered. The dependencies between the performance indicators and the requirements for the volume of internal memory of specialized computers processing data in CBC mode are formulated..
Methods. The implementation of data source authentication procedures using encoding in the mode of concatenation of individual data blocks is an effective method of increasing reliability in conditions of a limited size of verified authentication sequences. At the same time, its implementation in receivers requires the creation of specialized calculators that process tree-like structures that arise during data decoding, consisting of separate data blocks. To reduce resource and computational costs when processing such structures, indirect addressing is used, in which block data is stored in RAM, and their addresses are stored in the high-speed register memory of the computer itself.
Results. A model of indirect addressing of data blocks in RAM has been created. Pointers to blocks are stored in a separate register memory and each pointer is placed according to the decoded sequence number of the block in the sequence. Each block address in RAM is supplemented by a set of pointers to subsequent blocks in the branches of the tree structure. The created mathematical model made it possible to estimate the size in bits of all the pointers involved and their number, which made it possible to determine the need for a computer processing a tree structure in register memory.
Conclusion. The paper shows that using a combination of matrix and list organization of block address storage reduces the need for register memory of the calculator by 50-60%. At the same time, the computer can process the tree-like structure of information blocks using high-performance iterative algorithms, which would be impossible if only the list organization of address storage was used.

Purpose of research is a modification of Cole's importance sampling method for finding trapping sets in an LDPC code to speed up their search.
Methods. Cole proposed a method for searching for trapping sets in an LDPC code by using a Monte Carlo method that causes the decoding algorithm to fail at nodes potentially contained in trapping sets. His method makes it possible to accelerate the study of the efficiency of medium-length LDPC codes in the region of large SNRs. The modified method uses the properties of automorphisms of Tanner graphs, which make it possible to exclude a significant number of symbolic nodes from the enumeration. The modified method also provides for an ordered enumeration over subgraphs containing cycles.
Results. The proposed method made it possible to speed up the search for trapping sets in Mackay's PEG(1008, 504) LDPC code by 5027 times compared to the Velasquez-Subramani method, and 43 times faster compared to the original Cole method. In the case of (2640, 1320) LDPC Margulis code, the proposed method is 28 times faster than the Velasquez-Subramani quasi-cyclic method and 134 times faster than the original Cole method.
Conclusion. The result of experimental studies showed the possibility of using the developed method to improve the connectivity spectrum, increase the code distance of QC-LDPC codes. This made it possible to reduce the probability of a bit error at the decoder output by orders of magnitude at high signal-to-noise ratios in the AWGN channel.

Purpose of reseach. Development of a scheme and adaptive algorithm for the operation of an intelligent humanmachine system for the user interface of a wheelchair-verticalizer, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the operator, the wheeled platform and the external environment.
Tasks. The study of the physiological characteristics of human-machine interaction in people with damage to the musculoskeletal system. Design development and mathematical description of the joystick as a component of a human-machine system. Development of adaptive algorithm and software for the wheelchair user interface system.
Methods. Using the method of finite-state machine to describe the algorithm of motion modes switches. The use of polynomial functions in order to obtain smooth laws for changing the setpoints for the device drives. The use of nonlinear sensitivity coefficients of the joystick handle to provide adaptive modes of movement of the wheelchairverticalizer.
Results. In the course of the study, the modes of movement of a wheelchair-verticalizer were developed and described. The design scheme and principle of operation of the joystick are presented and described. The modes of operation of the human-machine system was described mathematically and graphically. The adaptive algorithm of the user interface system of a wheelchair-verticalizer proposed in the paper interpret joystick inclinations into setpoints signals for wheelchair drive controllers. The use of non-linear sensitivity coefficients of the joystick handle to provide adaptive modes of operation of the wheelchair, taking into account the features of the hands movement of people with impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system, the movement of the wheelchair and the state of environment, is described.
Conclusion. The adaptive algorithms of the human-machine system and the modes of movement of the upright wheelchair developed within the framework of the work make it possible to increase the safety and smoothness of movement through the use of non-linear sensitivity coefficients of the joystick handle and smooth laws of setting influences obtained on the basis of polynomial functions.

Purpose of research. The recursive algorithm for painting recognized areas on a binarized image and extracting the contours of a color mark, in order to find the minimum time for counting the number of filled pixels in a recognized mark, was developed in the article.
Methods. The region filling algorithm in the image is based on the recursive method. The algorithm begins the work from the central point of the image and analyzes the presence of unshaded pixels in adjacent cells. In the article is considered the definition of the shortest time for filling the recognized area in eight directions: east-south-west-north, east-north-west-south, southeast-northwest, southwest-northeast, west-south-east-north, west-north-east-south, north-east-south-west, north west south east. The algorithm contains several stages: checking the exit from the recursion provided that all areas are filled, filling the initial cell, filling the elements in four directions from the starting point, counting the number of filled elements.
Results. A recursive algorithm for filling recognized areas on a binarized image with the possibility of highlighting the contours of a recognized mark has been developed. The direction of the optimal bypass, which has the shortest time in relation to other considered directions, is determined. The testing was carried out for cycles with 10, 50 and 100 iterations. According to the presented algorithm, a specialized software model was created. The number of the certificate of state registration of the computer program "Program for filling a recognized mark" is 2023612631.
Conclusion. The results of experimental studies showed that for a cycle value of 10 iterations, the best time to fill the area is 12762 msec, for a cycle value of 50 iterations, the best time is 76008 msec, for a cycle value of 100 iterations, the best time is 160568 msec. The minimum average time to complete the filling operation was 84357 msec, therefore, the best of the eight pass combinations turned out to be the direction - north-east-south-west.

Purpose of research. The main idea is to build a mathematical testing model that integrates different aspects of an embedded reconfigurable computing system and its interactions. This model provides an efficient representation of test scenarios and allows to analyse the dynamics of the reconfigurable computing system during testing. The paper also discusses methods for generating test sequences based on the properties of a finite state machine.
Methods. The authors propose to represent the autotest as a finite state Mile machine, where states serve to store information about the current state of an embedded reconfigurable computing system. The input signal is the interaction with the system and the output signal is the system's response to the input signal. This approach allows to formalize the testing process and simplify the analysis of possible problems.
Results. This paper discusses the application of automata theory in the context of automated testing of embedded reconfigurable computing systems. Automata theory provides effective methods and tools for analysis and simulation of discrete dynamic systems, which makes it suitable for automated testing tasks.
Conclusion. The results show that the use of automata theory can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of automated testing of embedded reconfigurable computing systems. This approach provides a deeper analysis of the system and allows to detect and prevent potential problems that may arise during its operation.

Purpose of research: reduction of additional errors in measuring gas concentrations in gas analytical systems (GS) caused by the sensitivity of semiconductor sensors to non-target components of gas mixtures, ambient temperature and humidity. To develop and test a two-module neural network method for processing information in a GS, which allows automating the processes of generating training data and searching for the optimal structure of artificial neural networks (ANNs), reducing errors in reproducing the characteristics of sensors by replacing their mathematical models with neural networks.
Methods. Theory of artificial neural networks, numerical methods, simulation methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, the relative error (d), standard deviation (RMS) were calculated, and comparison with analogues was carried out.
Results: a two-module neural network method for processing information in a GS has been studied. Numerical modeling was used to carry out experimental studies on the choice of optimal ANN structures, the volume and composition of training data. In the course of experimental studies, the errors of generating training data using ANN (less than 5%) and determining the concentrations of detected gases under conditions of fluctuations in the parameters of the air environment and the composition of the gas mixture (less than 4%) were calculated.
Conclusion. A two-module neural network method for information processing is proposed, which is distinguished by the use of two successive modules of multilayer neural networks for generating training data and processing information coming from the GS sensor unit. The use of an auxiliary module makes it possible to compress the initial data, unify and automate the process of their generation, as well as improve the accuracy of reproduction of multiparameter sensor conversion functions, in comparison with alternative methods. Results of experimental studies of the effectiveness of using the information processing method to reduce additional errors in the quantitative determination of the composition of the air environment under conditions of parameter fluctuations are presented.