Purpose of research. The study is about  accuracy of surface layer formation of mechanical engineering products by additive method. Advantages and disadvantages analysis of layer-by-layer synthesis technologies of products was done. It was identified that accuracy characteristics of surface layer under additive shaping significantly differ from accuracy characteristics of products' surface layer otained by traditional methods.  

Methods. Surfaces shaping of complex details by additive methods is characterized by high static values of processing error. Processing error is a shaping error (approximatio). Analysis of Russian and foreign literature was done. It was offered to carry out dynamic spatial orientation of a final element of a form-building system of the additive equipment. It was offered for increase in accuracy characteristics of products' received by additive methods. It was offered to use 5-coordinate processing equipment for spatial orientation management of a final element of a form-building system. Calculation method of operated parameters of 5-coordinate processing equipment was developed. Spatial orientation of a final element of a shaping system will be at these parameters. The orientation will be according to normals in a point of nominal surface of a shaping detail..  

Results. Operated parameters determination of 5-coordinate processing equipment when shaping a hemispherical surface was done by additive methods.  Graphic dependences are results of mathematical modeling. They reflect the size of tilt angles of 5-coordinate processing equipment desktop. Platform turn with a detail at hemispherical surface shaping of a detail by additive methods was also reflected.  

Conclusion. The offered technique allows carrying out dynamic spatial orientation of a final element of a shaping system of additive equipment. This can reduce shaping error (approximation) of figurine details' surfaces in the process of their shaping by additive methods.

Aerodynamic characteristics of a wingfuselage combination cannot be received by combination of these characteristics used for an isolated wing and an isolated fuselage. It is impossible because a wing and fuselage are under mutual influence at their flow in a combination. This influence considiration can be done in different ways: introduction of influence coefficients of a shape on wing lift characteristics; introduction of discrete whirlwinds causing inductive speeds and increasing a local attack angle; a panel method at which streamline surfaces are replaced with flat panels.

Purpose of this reserach is to study method of body shape influence on wing flow.

Methods. Method of a continuous vortex surface is used for accounting shape influence on wings' aerodynamics. The wing is divided into longitudinal panels and is represented by the system of slanting horseshoe whirlwinds. Load-bearing parts of whirlwinds are located on the beams which are located at identical relative distances from a front edge of a wing. Free whirlwinds descend from load-bearings and are directed on a stream.

Results. The body has cylindrical form and is replaced by ring whirlwinds system which are continuously distributed on its length. The separation of an interface and its turning in vortex plaits is modelled by introduction of additional semi-ring whirlwinds and free whirlwinds descending from them. It is possible to say that free whirlwinds are directed along the body.

Conclusion. Method of speed calculation caused by these vortex systems in wing points was developed. Intensity of wing whirlwinds is calculated from impermeability equation which has normal components of caused speed. It is done taking into account body influence on a wing.

Purpose of reseach. Results of scientific researches allow increasing in production efficiency, improving products' quality indicators in mechanical engineering. It is connected with increase in efficiency of cutting processes by means of constructive changes of the turning tool to decrease in vibrations.  These vibrations demonstrate that the use of tools with vibroextinguishing effect in the form of damping cutters allows to solve a problem of the best details' processing made from various structural materials successfully. The known structures of  damping cutters have a number of disadvantages connected with the problem of cutters rigidity regulation,with the need of material selection of a cutter body with high damping of required rigidity or its placement in a holder on all holders' body with rabbeting. This  leads to an excessive consumption of materials which has high damping properties and increases labor intensity of cutter installation.

Methods. New design of  lathe knife is offered to increase quality of processing and improvement of regulation conditions by cutters rigidity and consumption decrease of damping material. Increase in damping efficiency of cutter fluctuations is due to installation of one end of a holder with rabbeting in a cover with hollow bottom and sidewalls and the second end of a holder in a cylindrical cover with hollow sidewalls. Regidity of covers is varied remotely by air pumping in covers´ cavity. It is done taking into account the fact that the rigidity of a cylindrical cover is less than rigidity of the second cover.

Results. There is a “force couple” in a cover with smaller rigidity as rigidity of covers with the air pumped in them are vary. Modules of this “force couple” are more than in the other cover. Therefore there is an additional restoring moment from “force couple”. These foreces are equal to difference of forces modules in covers. That increases efficiency of fluctuation damping of a cutter. Position of damping covers independently at distance from each other allows to decrease consumption of vulcanized material.

Conclusion. An offered damping cutter with varied rigidity allows to achieve technical result on improvement of processing quality and decrease consumption of damping vulcanized material.

Conditions of ensuring quality parameters of directing mechanical operation of  hydraulic cylinder rod surface by turning and by methods of superficial plastic deformation are described in the paper.

Purpose of reseach is to increase in stability and productivity of nonrigid details processing when ensuring required quality parameters.

Methods. Analysis of static and dynamic characteristics of a tool system for cutting-deforming processing was done. Analysis of Lamina and Mitsubishi solid-state cutters was done by Solidworks program. 2³ experiment was done to check operability of Mitsubishi cutter, stability of otained sizes, roughness of surfaces. It was also done to define the period of firmness of plates.

Results. Mitsubishi cutter was chose according to the results of the analysis made by Solidworks program and experimental industrial processing was carried out. Industrial experiment shows that there are vibrations made by Mitsubishi cutter at recommended cutting speed 200 … 300 m/min. Experimental cutting speed was ≈ 40 m/min to eliminate vibrations made by Mitsubishi cutter. Processing productivity decreased considerably due to cutting speed reduction. New tool design of a tool system for cutting-deforming processing of nonrigid details -"shafts" was developed. New tools increase processing productivity at obtaining stability of required quality parameters: rolling head with damping element and damping cutter. Laboratory tets of a rolling head was done. Rolling effort, surface condition was defined before rolling. Vibroacoustic diagnostics of damping cutter operation in vitro was carried out. Experimental inspection of new tools operation of a tool system and analysis of quality parameters was carried out.

Conclusion. Use of new tools of a tool system for combined cutting-deforming processing allows to increase productivity and stability of the process and to ensure set parameters: accuracy of a form, sizes, roughness (JT7...8, Ra <0.16 … 0.32 microns) and physicomechanical properties of detail´s surface layer.

Purpose of research. Changing the compressive force according to an initially set program is one of the most effective technological methods for condenser energy-storage welding of small parts compounds with an “open” contact area, widely used in the manufacture of products of radio electronic and electrical industries. An expedient constructive solution to this approach is the use of a programmable compression engine in the welding unit of the combined drive. In such a drive, the required, relatively small, initial static compression force of parts is carried out by a spring of low rigidity. The sharp increase in the speed of movement of the electrode according to a given program is produced by an electric power drive - electromagnetic or electrodynamic- at the time of reaching the welding temperature in contact. In contrast to the electromagnetic drive the results of the study of the dynamic properties and its control characteristics are widely covered in literature, the studies concerning the characteristics of an electrodynamic drive, favorably differing in dynamic properties from the electromagnetic system, are not carried out in sufficient volume. In this regard, this paper is devoted to the study of the adjustment characteristics of a programmable pulse of dynamic force developed by an electrodynamic drive powered by an autonomous capacitor energy dispenser and a welding type transformer.  

Methods. This article has developed an experimental test bed and an original technique for studying the adjustment characteristics of pulse of the programmable force of electrodynamic drive .The main parameters of these characteristics have been investigated here as well.

Results. The results of the research given in the article show that variation of the capacitance and charging voltage of battery of the power supply capacitors allows the amplitude value of the dynamic force to be varied within wide limits and, to a lesser extent, affects the time of its rise to the maximum and the total operation time of the force.

Conclusion. The use of an energy capacitor dispenser as a source of power for an electrodynamic drive will make it possible to regulate the pulse geometry of an electrodynamic force and thus program its dynamic properties.

Purpose of reseach. Modern data collection systems use mobile automated devices, the data from which is encrypted in the data center. Biometric identification methods have several advantages as means of information security in the data center. In particular they are characterized by high reliability, since it is difficult to compromise or lose biometric data.

Methods. The method of biometric identification of facial geometry is proposed in the article. This method allows you to build a 3D model of a human face based on 2D images. To determine the accuracy of the biometric identification method, quantitative characteristics of FAR and FRR are proposed. FAR - false acception rate - determines the percentage of situations when the system allows access to a user who is not registered in the database. FRR - false rejection rate - determines the percentage of situations when the system denies access to a user with correct biometric data. There are other characteristics used in the selection of biometric identification systems. They are the ease of use, the speed of the system, the influence of environmental factors on it, the cost of the system and others.

Results. The following well-known static identification methods are considered: fingerprint identification method, eye retina identification method, eye iris identification method, face geometry identification method as well as a hand vein identification method. The comparative characteristics of each of them are given. This new method is proposed to increase the accuracy and speed of biometric identification.

Conclusion. The article analyzes the modern biometric identification tools of static type. Various parameters for determining the effectiveness of bio-metric identification methods are considered. The principles, on which each of these methods is based, as well as the main advantages and disadvantages, are presented.

Purpose of reseach is to improve the operation of technical systems or performance of socio-economic systems by developing a fuzzy system for selecting a supplier of inventories in logistics companies. The relevance of the study is determined by the absence of a system approach to the formation of a procurement logistics strategy in the overwhelming majority of companies, which makes the operations management of the analysis and evaluation process difficult. When making decisions concerning selecting a supplier, based on the analysis of a variety of sources, various mathematical methods and techniques are used; nevertheless these methods and techniques have a number of drawbacks that do not allow a company to solve the set task with the required effectiveness.

Methods. Since the original methods in solving the task of assessing and managing the attractiveness of an object are incomplete and noе clear, the method applied is based on the systems of fuzzy logic inference. The basis of the proposed method is a scheme of the direct fuzzy inference. It is modified by introducing an ordered weighted averaging operator to aggregate the outputs of the production rules. At the first stage of the derivation, the membership functions defined for the input variables are applied to their actual values for the subsequent determination of the degree of truth for each premise of each rule. Then, the calculated truth value for the premises of each rule is applied to the inferences of each rule. This leads to the formation of a fuzzy subset, which is assigned to each output variable for each rule. As a rule of logic inference, we use min operation. At the next stage, the fuzzy value of the membership function of the output variable of each rule is reduced to a crisp type by applying the fast centroid method. To aggregate the output of each production rule, taking into account the degree of their importance for the decision-maker, it is proposed to use the Ronald R. Yager’s ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator.

Results. Ordered weighted averaging and the subsequent ranking of the pairs of alternative firms made it possible to create a list of supplying companies corresponding to the objective ranking.

Conclusion. A model verification of the ranking of suppliers of packaging materials for the firms of finished products was performed. The results of an experimental study demonstrate the prospects of the proposed approach taking into account the mutual influence of the indicators.

Purpose of reseach. The study is aimed at identifying the types of liability for copyrights and related rights infringement as well as. distinguishing the key feature of the product, thanks to which the object can be registered as a result of the intellectual activity of a particular author. The peculiar features of patent law are emphasised.

Methods. The article proposes a method and an algorithm for making decisions concerning blocking websites which takes into account the peculiarities of copyright infringement in Russia. The authors also propose ways to eliminate such violations: first, it is necessary to clearly define the terms used in the copyright law; secondly, it is important to protect the results of intellectual activity by the state; and, thirdly, it is appropriate to block and / or impose temporary bans on websites that violate legislation.

Results. The analysis of the existing system of copyright showed the following shortcomings in the Copyright Law: - Unclear definition of the concept of ‘information mediator’; unjustified application of the law to bona fide owners of websites and webpages on the Internet; - There are no sanctions against such results of intellectual activities as photographs and trademarks in the legislation, which discriminate right holders and opens up wide possibilities for illegal activities of offenders; - The process of detecting ‘pirated’ products and website blocking is time consuming and too complicated; - Foreign citizens are ‘beyond Russian Copyright Law’, their punishments are not regulated by Russian legislation.

Conclusion. Copyright Law was introduced in the Russian Federation not so long ago, therefore there are some shortcomings and inaccuracies in it, but all of them can be amended. Such a rapid development of information technology makes it more difficult to follow the changes; fraudsters invent more sophisticated ways of making a profit at the expense of other people’s products, which should be immediately prevented.

Purpose of reseach is to develop a model of the system for effective collection of information about the network access object based on modern information protection methods as well as to create a kind of the reconfiguration environment in the event of a failure of computer network elements or the need to redistribute the server load.

Methods. A flexible, controlled version of developing a system has been proposed for the process of collecting information about the object under study; it makes it possible to automatically identify potential vulnerabilities in the field of information security [1]. It is proposed to use the analysis of the state of an object based on the black box technique, since it makes it possible to reproduce the actions of an external intruder who does not have any information about the object at the initial stage of preparation (which is the most common scenario when adding new services) and conduct typical attacks with subsequent security evaluation [2]. A mathematical model that improves system fault-tolerance and real-time load balancing is proposed.

Results. The result of the research is the development of an effective construction of a system for assessing the state of object security. A mathematical model that makes it possible to reconfigure the environment of computing modules in real time has been developed. Experimental studies confirming the completeness and correctness of the proposed solutions have been carried out.

Conclusion. The proposed system is designed to analyze the compliance of the protection object with the requirements of an information security policy; it includes the stages of system analysis using the black box technique and performs the tasks of an automated testing process, system components distributions, system modules interchangeability. Together with the developed mathematical model for improving fault-tolerance and redistributing the load on computational power in the event of equipment malfunctions and bypasses in the case of complete load of the elements, the system demonstrated a decrease in the time for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the information security state of the network access object.

Purpose of research. This article discusses modern information and communication technologies to improve computer literacy in Russia, defines the concept of computer literacy and its classification. It turned out that the problem of computer illiteracy is very relevant today. The aim of the work is to develop a method and algorithm to reduce the level of computer illiteracy.

Methods. We have proposed a method by which the level of computer literacy will increase in certain groups of the population, these are schoolchildren, pensioners, through the creation of certain institutions for training in the field of information technology. This method is based on the hierarchical model of Saati. To analyze the initial data, the results of a study of the degree of digital literacy of residents of the Russian Federation by the analytical center of NAFI were used. Considering programs of professional development within the program "University of the elderly person", projects on which train pensioners and pupils of schools of computer literacy. Eaten a comparative analysis of training programs for different categories of citizens, for example, one of the largest in the city of Kursk organization "Center of social service "Part" of the city of Kursk Kursk region", which annually serves more than two thousand people of retirement age and the disabled.

Results. It is shown that the program, according to which the training of people of retirement age of computer literacy, differs from similar training programs for other categories of citizens. For example, based on the assessment of the integral criterion, it was found that computer crime in the field of computer information in the world has increased, and the most vulnerable segments of the population are schoolchildren and pensioners.

Conclusion. The article presents a computational modelling of the proposed technique and an algorithm for its implementation as well as a diagram of the integral quality indicator for improving computer literacy.

Purpose of reseach. This article discusses the normalized methods for calculating the cracking moment in elements of fine grained concrete, reinforced with fiberglass fitting without prestressing.  

Methods. In concrete elements reinforced with composite fitting, it is proposed to determine the cracking moment in the same way as reinforced concrete structures that use a nonlinear deformation model that provides a single connection when calculating the first and second groups of limit states. At the same time in current standards it is allowed to apply the calculation of the cracking moment using the elastoplastic section modulus. Accurate determination of the cracking moment is an important element of the calculation for the second group of limit states, especially the consistency of theoretical data with experimental data for concrete elements reinforced with fiberglass fitting. The following calculation methods are considered: using the elastoplastic moment and calculation using a nonlinear deformation model (two- and three-line diagrams of concrete state with parameters). Experimental data from the experiment have been taken as the initial data for the calculation of the cracking moment for the considered methods. We have considered four beams reinforced with fiberglass fitting, and one - metal. Fitting is without prestressing.  

Results. The analysis of the results of the calculation of the cracking moment is carried out by the given methods. For comparison with experimental data, the load on the beam corresponding to the cracking moment is determined. A comparative analysis of the considered methods for the calculation of the cracking moment with experimental data is performed. The calculation using the three-line concrete state diagram is the closest to the experimental results, and when using the technique with the two-line diagram, there is a margin of more than 20%.

Conclusion. These methods, based on the calculation of reinforced concrete structures, provide a reasonable convergence of results when using fiberglass fitting but provide the greatest accuracy to the experimental data for steel fitting within 9%.

Purpose of research. The purpose of the article is to examine the already existing standard planning of economy class in detail and to identify the principal directions of standardization.  

Methods. By analyzing the housing supply in the historical context it is concluded that there is a problem of housing quality deficit in Russia. The introduction of new design standards can significantly improve the quality of newly built affordable housing.

Results. In the course of analyzing the existing classifications its drawbacks are revealed. An example is given of the floor layout of a typical section of a residential building currently in use. The discrepancy between such layouts and the modern rhythm and standard of living of Russians has been highlighted. There are shortcomings of the existing new buildings , they are the lack of storage places, irrational planned hallways, the formation of narrow corridors and the lack of public spaces on the floor. The needs of the population and the demand for newly built housing and the requested parameters are also considered. As a result, the main directions of design standards are highlighted and a possible scheme of their application is given.  

Conclusion. In view of the increasing demand for affordable housing, the current classification of new residential construction is being considered. Affordable housing is usually understood as economy class housing. The need to replace the concepts has been revealed in the process of studying the problem. It is proposed to introduce the term “standard housing” to replace the “economy class”. Standardization of projects and revision of existing design standards are the necessary conditions for improving the quality of both apartments and residential areas in general. It is also noted that the introduction of these changes should not allow an increase in real estate prices.