SUPREME COURT OF THE USSR AS A BODY OF CONSTITUTIONAL SUPERVISION IN 1924-1933

The paper analyses the legal nature of the powers of the Supreme Court (in 1924-1933) relating to the constitutional supervision. Some features of their legal regulation and practice are given. The position of the Supreme Court in the system of legal protection of the Constitution in the USSR is shown. At the same time a supportive role of the highest judicial authority, which acted as a "legal advisor" of the Central Executive Committee Presidium in the USSR for constitutional supervision, is considered. The Supreme Court decisions on the relevant issues lacked finality, that is they were considered by the supreme authority. The paper discusses the main trends of development of the constitutional oversight of legislation in 1920: expansion of the criteria of the judicial review of normative legal acts, gradual adjustment of the objects for surveillance activities, improving the procedural rules that determine the order of implementation of the relevant authority. The author describes the main differences of the Supreme Court activity in the USSR in the sphere of constitutional supervision from the implementation of the constitutional justice in foreign countries. Moreover, it is noted that citizens could not initiate the activity, because its purpose was not to protect the rights of individuals, but to ensure compliance by the bodies of the state authority and administration of the USSR and the republics their constitutional competence. Formally, it was attributed to organizing the USSR Prosecutor's Office and giving it the powers in this sphere. However, the institution of judicial constitutional supervision, based on the principle of separation of powers, was ideologically and spiritually alien to the majority of Soviet people. It was the main reason, though disadvantages of legal regulation of this institute were also new.

правосудие, контроль, суд, надзор, судопроизводство, конституция, justice, supervision, court, control, proceedings, constitution

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