Analysis of "Cold Bridges" in Order to Identify Shortcomings of Monolithic Housing Construction in Voronezh

Purpose of research. This article analyzes thermal imaging surveys of residential premises in monolithic houses built in 2018 and 2019 in the city of Voronezh. Based on the regulatory requirements of Federal Law No. 261-F3 "On Energy Saving and energy Efficiency improvement", the question is raised about the essential shortcomings in the structural units of the monolithic overlap associated with errors in design and installation. Such errors lead to the formation of places through which heat losses occur - "cold bridges". "Cold bridges" worsen the energy-efficient properties of structures and provoke excessive costs for the operation of buildings

Methods. In the article under consideration, the method of thermal imaging is used for non-contact diagnostics of "cold bridges".

Results. The analysis of thermograms is based on identifying the causes of violations of thermal insulation of external enclosing structures or a decrease in its qualities. The main criterion for comparing different surface areas of enclosing structures is the temperature difference at the selected point on the compared surface area. The temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the surface temperature of the wall of a residential building on the 45th Rifle Division Street exceeds +6.0 ° C with a normalized value of Δt_ext =+4.0 °C. The temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the surface temperature of the wall of a residential building on Kholzunov Street exceeds +11.0 ° C with a normalized value of Δt_ext =+4.0 °C.

Conclusion. The above results of the thermal imaging survey allow us to conclude that thermal pads were either not installed along the perimeter of the cantilever ceiling discs, or were mounted with gross errors. Uncontrolled loss of heat through fixed "cold bridges" leads to a significant increase in heat consumption for heating the building. This is contrary to Law No. 261-FZ "On Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency Improvement". It is quite labor-intensive to eliminate existing bridges in operated apartments. It is advisable to prevent their formation at the design stage and during installation work by means of perforation of a monolithic floor slab. The use of thermal pads leads to a decrease in specific heat loss by an average of 1.5 times and practically eliminates freezing under standard conditions.

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