Landfill Gas as an Alternative Energy Source

Purpose of research. With the increase of population and number of megacities, the consumption of various goods increases and the waste of which eventually turns into garbage. The growing amount of all kinds of waste every year and their negative impact on the environment is a global problem. However, with all existing methods of waste disposal, the least environmentally friendly method of waste disposal is used in our country - disposal by means of burial ground disposal at solid waste landfills. Landfills of solid waste are a source of landfill gas, the uncontrolled emissions of which have a negative impact on the environment. At the same time, the properties of landfill gas make it possible to use it as an energy source. The analysis of the problems рфму showт the relevance of the direction of using landfill gas as an alternative type of gas fuel, as well as the development of devices for its efficient combustion.
Methods. The article discusses the impact of solid domestic waste (MSW) on the Earth's biosphere. The analysis of the global problem of waste disposal is carried out, solutions are considered. Based on the methodology specified in GOST 33998-2016 “Gas household appliances for cooking. General technical requirements, test methods and rational use of energy ”, we have carried out a study of the efficiency of the landfill gas combustion process in the developed design of a gas burner device equipped with a thermal splitter.
Results. On the basis of experimental studies for a gas burner device of the developed design, the values of efficiency,% of the burner and the content of carbon monoxide (CO, mg / m3) in the combustion products have been obtained, depending on the length of the thermal divider.
Conclusion. The results of experimental studies have shown the high efficiency of the original gas burner device when burning landfill gas.

1. Il'ichev V.А., Kolchunov V.I., Bakaeva N.V. Аrkhitektura gradoustrojstva [Urban planning architecture]. Nauchnyj zhurnal stroitel'stva i arkhitektury = Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, 2020, no.4, pp. 121-129 (In Russ.).

2. Zubakov V. А. Global'nyj pik ehndoehkologicheskogo otravleniya – biologicheskij predel sushhestvovaniya chelovechestva [The global peak of endoecological poisoning is the biological limit of human existence]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya = Advances in Current Natural Sciences, 2003, no. 5, pp. 103-104 (In Russ.).

3. Mirnyj А.N. Sanitarnaya ochistka i uborka naselennykh mest [Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of populated areas]. Moscow, Strojizdat Publ.,1990. 413 p. (In Russ.).

4. Cho H.S., Kim J.Y., Moon H.S. Effect of quantity and composition of waste on the prediction of annual methane potential from landfills. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc.: Bioresource technology, 2012, vol. 109, pp. 86-92.

5. Sliusar N., Pukhnyuk A., Korotaev V., Matveev Y. Management of municipal solid waste methane potential by using preliminary treatment. 15th International multidisciplinary scientific geoconference SGEM 2015. Albena, Bulgaria, 2015, pp. 483-490.

6. Shilkina S.V. Mirovye tendentsii upravleniya otkhodami i analiz situatsii v Rossii [World trends in waste management and analysis of the situation in Russia]. Otkhody i resursy = Russian Journal of Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2020, no. 1. (In Russ.). Available at: https://resources.today/PDF/05ECOR120.pdf (accessed 23.02.2021).

7. Estimated annual waste per capita of the leading waste producing countries worldwide as of 2019. Energy & Environment, Waste Management. 2021. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1168066/largest-waste-producing-countries-worldwideper-capita/. (accessed 23.02.2021)

8. Аrsent'ev V.А., Mikhajlova N.V. Pererabotka otkhodov: ispol'zovanie resursnogo potentsiala [Waste recycling: using resource potential]. Tverdye bytovye otkhody = Municipal Solid Waste, 2007, no. 8, pp. 60-63 (In Russ.).

9. Utilizatsiya musora v Rossii. Kak reformiruyut otrasl' [Waste disposal in Russia. How the industry is being reformed]. Informatsionnoe agentstvo TАSS [TASS News Agency] 2019. Available at: https://tass.ru/info/6000776#:~:text=Ob"em%20tverdykh%20kommunal'nykh%20otkhodov%20(TKO,%22Tverdye%20bytovye%20otkhody%22). (accessed 23.02.2021)

10. Mirovoj rynok musora: zakhoronenie otkhodov — udel otstayushhikh stran [The global garbage market: landfill is the lot of lagging countries]. Internet-gazeta «Real'noe vremya» [Internet newspaper "Realnoe Vremya"]. 2020. Available at: https://realnoevremya.ru/articles/166395-mirovoy-musornyy-rynok-poka-v-peredovyh-stranahszhigayut-i-sortiruyut-v-rossii-plodyat-poligony (accessed 23.02.2021).

11. Sistemy upravleniya bytovymi otkhodami raznykh stran: retsepty dlya Rossii [Household waste management systems in different countries: recipes for Russia]. Institut ehkonomiki rosta im. Stolypina P.А. [Institute for the Economics of Growth named after Stolypina P.A.]. 2019. Available at: https://stolypin.institute/analytics/sistemy-upravleniyabytovymi-othodami-raznyh-stran-retsepty-dlya-rossii/ (accessed 23.02.2021).

12. Evropa iz 249 mln tonn otkhodov 47 % szhigaet i 24 % otpravlyaet na svalku [Europe burns 47% of 249 million tons of waste and sends 24% to landfills]. Tvyordye bytovye otkhody. Novosti Otrasli [Municipal Solid Waste]. 2019. Available at: https://news.solidwaste.ru/2019/02/evropa-pererabatyvaet-szhigaet-i-opravlyaet-na-svalku/ (accessed 23.02.2021).

13. Khoroshavin L.B., Belyakov V.А., Svalov E. А. Osnovnye tekhnologii pererabotki promyshlennykh i tverdykh kommunal'nykh otkhodov [Basic technologies for processing industrial and solid municipal waste]. Ekaterterinburg, 2016. 220 p. (In Russ.).

14. Pendyurin E.А., Smolenskaya L.M., Starostina I.V., Rybina S.Yu. Otsenka kachestva tekhnogenno-narushennykh zemel' territorii poligona TBO g. Belgoroda [Assessment of the quality of technogenically disturbed lands in the territory of the solid waste landfill in Belgorod]. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shukhova = Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov, 2012, no 4, pp. 173-176 (In Russ.).

15. Tchobanoglous G., Kreith F. Handbook of solid waste management. (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, United States, 2002. 834 p.

16. Karapidakis E.S., Tsave A.A., Soupios P.M., Katsigiannis Y.A. Energy efficiency and environmental impact of biogas utilization in landfills. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2010, vol. 7, no 3, pp. 599-608.

17. Park J.W., Shin H.C. Surface emission of landfill gas from solid waste landfill. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc.: Atmospheric environment, 2001, vol. 35, no 20, pp. 3445-3451.

18. Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and the Greenhouse Effect. Conservation in a Changing Climate: 2020. Available at: https://climatechange.lta.org/get-started/learn/co2-methane-greenhouse-effect/ (accessed 23.02.2021).

19. Ramazanov R. S., Suslov D. Yu., Kushhev L. А., Temnikov D. O., Lobanov I. V. Gazovaya gorelka [Gas-burner]. Patent RF, no. 198280, 2020.

20. Trubaev P.А., Klepikov А.S., Verevkin O.V., Grishko B.M., Suslov D.Yu., Ramazanov R.S. Monitoring vykhoda biogaza s tela poligona TKO [Monitoring of biogas output from the solid waste landfill]. Ehnergeticheskie sistemy. Sb. tr. II Mezhd. nauchnotekhn. konf. Belgorod, BGTU Publ., 2017, pp. 436-443 (In Russ.).