Investigation of the effect of the angle of inclination of the receiving surface on the displacement of a single deposited layer during additive shaping by an electric arc in a protective gas medium

Purpose of research. The study is devoted to the study of the influence of the angle of inclination of the receiving surface with a convex and concave profile on the change in the displacement of a single deposited layer during additive shaping by an electric arc in a protective gas medium. Experimental studies on shaping on receiving surfaces with different angles of inclination have been carried out. Based on the samples obtained by electric arc welding in a protective gas medium, the displacement values of the individual deposited layers are determined. Since the angle of inclination of the receiving surface can affect the displacement of a single deposited layer during additive shaping by an electric arc in a protective environment, a one-factor dispersion analysis was performed.

Methods. Methods of organization and planning of the experiment, mathematical processing of experimental results, single-factor analysis of variance.

Results. As a result of the dispersion analysis, it was revealed that the angle of inclination of the receiving surface during additive shaping of products affects the displacement of a single deposited layer and is a significant parameter during additive shaping by an electric arc in a protective gas environment. In particular, it was found that the significance criterion for the slope angle is p < 0.01. In turn, for a convex surface it is p < 0.03, for a concave surface it is p < 0.004. Comparing the results, it can be seen that the criterion is more significant for a concave surface.

Conclusion. It is determined that the angle of inclination of the receiving surface significantly affects the change in the displacement of a single deposited layer during additive shaping by an electric arc in the sphere of protective gas. Therefore, the angle of inclination of the receiving surface with a convex and concave profile is significant and should be taken into account when designing technological processes for additive shaping of products by an electric arc in a protective environment.

1. Burns M. Automated Fabrication: Improving Productivity in Manufacturing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA:PTR Prentice Hall, 1993. 369 p.

2. Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S., Grechukhin A.N., Bychkova N.A. Improving the quality of additive methods for forming the surfaces of odd-shaped parts with the application of parallel kinematics mechanisms. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2016; 11(24): 11832-11835.

3. Kutz V.V., Merkulov V.S., Grechukhin A.N. Investigation of the process of additive formation of low-melting materials using a low-power solid-state laser. Izvestiya YugoZapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University, 2020; 24(4): 8-17 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2020-24-4-8-17.

4. Singhal S.K., Pandey A.P., Pandey P.M., Nagpal A.K. Optimum part deposition orientation in stereolithography. Computer-Aided Design & Applications. 2005; 2 (1–4): 319–328.

5. Rudskoy A.M., Kutz V.V., Razumov M.S., Grechukhin A.N., Gorokhov A.A. The technology of manufacturing parts in automated production. Kursk, 2019 (In Russ.).

6. Grechukhin A.N., Kutz V.V., Shcherbakov P.S. Identification of the influence of the spatial orientation of the deposited layers, as well as their overlap coefficient on the error of the surface shape during additive shaping by an electric arc. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Voronezh State Technical University. 2021; 17 (6). https://doi.org/10.36622/VSTU.2021.17.6.017.

7. Kutz V.V., Grechukhin A.N., Razumov M.S. Ways to reduce the error of additive shaping methods]. Vestnik MGTU "Stankin" = Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University "Stankin". 2019; (1): 21-25 (In Russ.).

8. Grechukhin A.N., Kutz V.V., Oleshitsky A.V., Razumov M.S. Expansion of technological capabilities of additive shaping methods using parallel-sequential structure mechanisms. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. 2019; 23(6): 34-44 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21869/22231560-2019-23-6-34-44.

9. Hong S. Byun, Kwan H. Lee. Optimal part orientation of rapid prototyping using a genetic algorithm. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2004; 426–431.

10. Hur J., Lee К. The development of a CAD environment to determine the preferred build-up direction for layered manufacturing. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 1998; (14): 247–254.

11. Kim J.Y., Lee К., Park J.C. Determination of optimal part orientation in stereolithographic rapid prototyping. Technical Report, Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering. Seoul: Seoul National University; 1994.

12. Lan P.T., Chou S.Y., Chent L.L., Gemmill D. Determining fabrication orientations for rapid prototyping with stereolithography apparatus. Computer-Aided Design. 1997; 29 (1): 53– 62.

13. Grechukhin A.N., Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S., et al. Improving the accuracy of additive forming methods Innovation, quality and service in engineering and technology. 2018: 128-131.

14. Grechukhin A.N., Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S. Control of spatial orientation of robot units in the process of additive forming of products. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvenngo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Voronezh State Technical University. 2018; 14 (4): 122-129 (In Russ.).

15. Grechukhin A.N., Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S. Experimental determination of the cross-section parameters of a single layer in the additive forming products. Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskoe nauki = Proceeding of Tula State University. Technical Science. 2019; (10): 264-270 (In Russ.).

16. Grechukhin A.N., Anikutin I.S., Byshkin A.S. Management of space orientation of the end effector of generation of geometry system fiveaxis manufacturing machinery for additive generation of geometry. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 7: 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1051/matec-conf/201822601004

17. Grechukhin A.N., Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S. Ways to reduce the error of additive methods of forming – 2018. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 7: 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1051/matec-conf/201822601002.

18. Grechukhin A.N., Kuts V.V., Oleshitskiy A.V. Development and Research of Tech-nological Equipment that Implements Dynamic Control of Process of Additive Fabrication of Parts of Complex Spatial Shapes Based on Mechanisms with a Hybrid Layout. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 709(3): 033112. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/709/3/033112.

19. Kuts V.V., Merkulov V.S., Grechukhin A.N., Privalov A.S. Investigation of the process of additive formation of fusible materials using a low-power solid-state laser. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021; 1029(1): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1029/1/012010.

20. Kutz V.V., Grechukhin A.N., Oleshitsky A.V., Privalov A.S., Shcherbakov P.S. Algorithm division of a volumetric model into curved layers for 3D- printing. Fundamental'nye i prikladnye problemy tekhniki i tekhnologii = Fundamental and applied problems of engineering and technology. 2021; (5): 39-45 (In Russ.).